A surge is the polar opposite of an outage: it’s when voltage briefly goes much too high (voltage transient).
Some terms for brief outages I found on power companies’ sites are “momentary outages”, “momentary interruptions”, and “short duration interruptions”.
My bad, sorry, I didn't know the correct En translation. In Ro the most used is "voltage drop" (can be drop to 0V or drop to lower than nominal), while when it's for more than a couple of seconds the popular term is "the current has been taken".
The auto reclosers here typically trip open for about 10 seconds, then they make one attempt to close the circuit, and if the fault remains they lock out.
About the 10 seconds wait before reclosing, I'm an electronist by profession, not electrician, didn't even know it can be that long, thanks for mentioning that.
It happens that I know about line protections only because we were implementing SCADA systems in a few power distribution stations here, in Romania. I remember very fast reclosures times (during the acceptance test), less than a second. Or maybe it's yet another mistranslation of mine (in Ro it's RAR, standing for Reanclansare Automata Rapida, and meaning Fast Auto Reclose)?
Googled and found this classification (in a Ro link)
- ultrafast, tRAR=0.1-0.5s ;
- fast, tRAR=0.5-1.5s;
- slow, tRAR>1.5s; which I didn't know before