By the time of my RCA RC-24 Receiving Tube Manual (1965), magnetic-deflection monochrome CRTs could do 110 to 114 degrees total deflection.
Note that the energy used for the higher-speed horizontal deflection was not wasted:
The linear increase in current during the horizontal scan was done by switching a low-resistance tube in series with the horizontal coil and the DC supply: to first order, dI/dt = V/L.
During re-trace, the current collapsed into a "damping diode", and the induced voltage went into the high-voltage rectifier tube from a higher-voltage tap on the deflection transformer to generate the CRT voltage.
Hence, the term "flyback" supply, still used for other purposes.
Later, as transistors entered TV sets, the flyback supply was used to generate the low voltage required for the solid-state circuits, avoiding a heavy power transformer.
Early TVs used plate-capped 6L6 variants (807, 6BG6), but later "sweep tubes" such as the 6DQ6 were designed for that service.
For both horizontal and vertical deflection in a periodic raster, the DC component of the deflection coil current is zero, so the waveforms can be transformer coupled.
The slower vertical waveform used an actual sawtooth power oscillator; the controls for both horizontal and vertical "hold" and "linearity" required manual adjustment, and the drives for both were derived from the sync pulses extracted from the composite video waveform.