Another conspiracy nutter. A normal person might have some concern about their radiophobia and buy an EMR meter and take some measurements to entertain their fears. But once they have collected the data they carefully analyse it and look for references from authorities and government standards and make a rational and logic determination of their results. What should happen is they understand the readings on their equipment and discover the levels they have measured are well within the safety limits and guidelines determined by government authorities. Life goes on because they understand there is nothing to worry about.
Conspiracy nutters go down a different path. They buy the equipment which "empowers" them. They have no idea what the readings mean, only that more is bad and if the device has red lights or warning alarms, then it can satisfy their worst fears. There's no rigorous evaluation of the data, presentation of good evidence or reference to any kind of standards.
These people want to be afraid and they want everybody else to be afraid too to validate their own wacky fears.
In a lot of cases these people have some kind of back story where they feel wronged or hurt or just left behind and they want somebody or something to blame. 5Ger's are just one form of these damaged people.
We have plenty of people here in Australia who have been sipping the sipping the bong water.
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCh-ZuLI1ThM8YWPDa4wzZGwOnce you know their back story it can be used to hose them down. A classic example I ran into was a woman who camped under a mobile phone tower in a NSW Northern Rivers town to protest against a telco installing 5G in "her" town. She found plenty of support in those towns because there are a lot of Luddites in the region. I might have helped her get moved on after I dropped a rumour in town that she was not from the area and there was no plans by the telco to install 5G on that tower and that she was actually just squatting and getting free camping in the center of a nice town taking advantage of the residents stupidity.
And that's just the tip of the batshit crazy iceberg. My favourite nutters are the crystal healing hippies.
These people are mostly harmless but they harbor a lot of fears about radiation in all its forms. They generally don't have irrational fears of mobile phone towers but they do entertain the fears that they are bad in some way. I often get asked questions about them and I give them simple an honest answers. Often they don't like the answers I give them but they are strangely re-assured when I tell them, "If there was something to be afraid of, I'd take great delight in telling you."
And the reason these fringe believers trust what I say is because I'm their anti-christ. They used to be terrified of me because I would be at shows looking for radioactive items with a geiger counter and these people are scared shitless of anything nuclear or radioactive.
Naturally I couldn't help myself but tease them. They would point at me and whisper to each other, "That's him!"
The reason for this was they claimed their crystals are all magical and healing. When I ask if they have any evil or bad crystals they are shocked. "What, you though crystals were only nice? NO, I collect the ones that cause death, disease and destruction."
"No crystal does that!"
"Oh really? Let me introduce you to my little friends, chrysotile, cinnabar, galena and autinite!"
But as time went by the got used to seeing me and became much less afraid to the point where they would start asking me questions.
And like any good science outreach, I gave them simple accurate answers which they could understand. It took a long time but they stopped rejecting the answers they didn't like and started asking more and more sensible questions. If they didn't like the answer, I reminded them I take delight in their fear of something true and lying to them doesn't achieve that.
These days they're used to me and they even ask me to check their wares for "bad auras" which I'm more than happy to do. Anything with a bad aura that is radioactive, I am more than happy to pay them to remove.
Which brings me to ionising radiation.
Non-ionising radiation is everything with a wavelength longer than about 400nm. This is pretty much a deep purple colour light.
Everything with a shorter wavelength is Ultra violet light and ionising radiation. Though as you might imagine with RF there is no demarcation frequency on the spectrum. The difference between UHF and microwaves isn't a hard difference at 1GHz or 3Ghz, it's a very gradual change over a over a broad range. The transistion from non-ionising to ionising is no different and above 400nm as the wavelengths get shorter any one photon has more energy to break stronger chemical bonds. 350nm can barely excite an electron in the outer shell of a cesium atom while 250nm can crack oxygen molecules and create ozone. And higher up in X-rays we're all well aware that these photons can break most chemical bonds very easily.
Alpha is bigger particles, ionized helium. Smarter people than me can probably explain why this is a thing, instead of spitting it out in pieces. Probably it's less energy?
So yes, gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation the same as radio waves or light. They are photons, but with enough energy to break chemical bonds and ionise atoms. They aren't much different from X-rays but the source of X-rays is from electrons while gamma rays are usually created by an atomic nucleus.
Beta radiation is slightly different, it's not really on the electromagnetic spectrum even though clearly it is made of electrons.
These electrons however carry more than enough energy to ionise molecules and atoms and create X-rays as secondary radiation.
Most of us are familiar with a Cathode Ray tube. Electrons are accelerated toward a phosphor target. These are basically not much different from beta particles created by the weak nuclear force when an atom decays. And like beta particles when they hit the glass or metal mask at the end of the tube, the sudden deceleration can create X-rays (braking radiation). The glass of the tube often provided enough shielding to stop the X-rays but that didn't stop your mum from telling you not to sit so close to the tele.
Alpha particles are basically ionised Helium nuclei. They're mostly produced from radioactive decay of heavier elements but some lighter elements like Platinum are also slightly radioactive and emit alpha particles. Alpha particles are the most ionising form of radiation and are roughly 10 times more ionising than gamma rays. They carry a +2 electron charge and their large mass and very high energy up to about 8MeV naturally makes them heavy hitters. Most high school science students are taught that despite the high energy, alpha particles are easily stopped by a sheet of paper. While it's not technically try, it's a good generalisation.
Most people's exposure to Alpha particles comes from Radon gas or dust in the air which carries a tiny amount of uranium.
There is also a small amount of Uranium Thorium and Radium in the food we eat. Radium in Brazil nuts makes them the most radioactive food.
Second on that list is probably going to be Bananas (the anti-matter food) which have Potassium some of which decays with positrons, or beta decay and producing gamma rays and X-rays, all in very tiny amounts.
Most people's exposure to beta comes from cosmic rays in the form of muons. Hundreds of them passing through your body every few minutes.
If you take a geiger counter on a commercial flight, it's interesting the increase in background radiation above 30,000ft.
Most gamma exposure comes from the ground from Uranium and Thorium decay series secondary radiation.
But while we're on the subject of ionising radiation, my personal favourite at the moment is Australian pubs. If you see a pub with tiles on the outside wall, chances are they're radioactive. Impressively radioactive, but still harmless. As I type this some people are losing their shit over this on tik tok where there is a growing community of paranoid radiophobes.