As far as schematics go, I am not aware of any standards or any need for one, as the designer you draw it as a clear enough reference for yourself or your team, and add comments or notes or part numbers in your own fashion,
Larger companies may have a style guide but that is where it would end,
As far as the PCB layout, there are defiantly compliance standards such as voltage separation of conductors, and radiated and conducted noise. Fault tolerance and protection methods, e.g. grounding metal enclosures or having an input fuse.
Then there are just the general rules of thumb common to layout such as don't route high current next to high impedance or you will have signal crosstalk.