The error code is from Windows, not Xilinx. It just so happens you are using a Xilinx app but it also happens on Autocad and others.
It seems like the Xilinx app is trying to load or execute an invalid .dll's which seems to be related to the PATH variable.
https://forums.xilinx.com/t5/Embedded-Development-Tools/The-application-was-unable-to-start-correctly-0xc0000142/td-p/563029I see you are part of that thread. Did you try to clean up your path and remove other programs like avr-gcc, python and so on?
Others recommend uninstalling, deleting any left over registry entries and then re-installing. Sounds like the definition of insanity - doing the same thing twice and expecting different results.
http://www.tomshardware.com/forum/id-2835124/application-error-0xc0000142.htmlI also use Win 10 and, for me, the SDK seems to work just fine. I have Arduino and Python installed so, either DLLs aren't a problem or I was just plain lucky. By 'works just fine', I mean it loads. I have never used it.
Why not try messing with PATH? You can always reset it later.