For this case, you use some "booting software" who can hide partitions once the main selected OS as booted, it will prevent you from messing the other(s) partition(s)
In some case you could add a second drive who will never get hidden, you could use it to store and transfert things between your OS'ES
The main problem is : if your working not hidden partition crashes, you may have some problems to recover the other partition(s) it will depend how the multiboot is made and the mbr sectors etc ...
The simplest thing for me is to get some hdd hot swap enclosures, i have some with power switches, that way i only powerup the os i need, and have the transfert / storage hdd always powered up
I now switch between ZORIN OS and Win10 and or Win11, gotten tired to set multiboot sectors / boot drives .... sometimes an OS tries to get in control and fucked up the other ... and i use VMware or Virtualbox for the oldies like W95, w98 yes i still need theses

Oh by the way
Win 10 need i think 4 partitions on the drive to work, not sure if windows 11 is still 4 of 5, this is a normal behaviour of windows