Kicad does use the GPU significantly and it historically did not work well with VMs. Most of the virtual machines don't have good 3d acceleration support, and/or its guest OS drivers are dodgy.
I was able to get (after they fixed my bugs, thanks!) Kicad 6 working in Linux in Virtualbox. This was, I think, mostly using a software rendering implementation which is a lot slower than the GPU (the 3d viewer gets quite sluggish with complicated boards) - but it is still usable in the schematic editor and PCB editor - I don't have any highly complex boards, but I imagine it will become unusable eventually.
Hardware rendering I couldn't get working reliably on either Linux or Windows guest OS. But it works really well natively (not in a VM) in Windows and Linux.