I actually calculated manufacturing costs for PCBs for different scenarios, and Chinese fabs turned out to be a few percent (not by a lot) cheaper than European ones. When I included the lower yield, reworkability, lower quality and other factors, the chinese always ended up costing more. This is for 1000s quantities, and the price of the PCB was 2-5% of the BOM cost. Ended up buying European PCBs. Every single time.
I'm not sure if this is a Europe vs US thing or not.
In the US, our local fabs are usually at least 10x the cost of going to china. For instance, at QTY 1000, I just got a quote from a local "low cost" supplier for a 2 layer board at $3.48 plus shipping, with a 4 week turn. JLCPCB is $0.37 delivered with a 5-6 day turn. The 5 day turn in the US is $5.25. Shipping time would be about the same. It gets even worse when you do a comparison at lower quantities and/or for a 4 layer board. Some of our products we're lucky to ship more than a few dozen a year.
I understand what you're saying about yields. I too have suffered with crap chinese fabs. We haven't seen this with jlcpcb though, and we've bought and assembled thousands of boards since we switched a couple/few years back.
Just for comparison, this board is 83*93mm, and has 173 holes. 2 Layer, 8 mil trace/space, HASL. Nothing really special.
I am definitely interested in other options - if you have another option which is similar in price (note I didn't say as cheap), then I really would like to evaluate the supplier.