Electronics > Metrology

Measuring nanoamps and below like a Ninja

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Kleinstein:
The curve measured over time corresponds to the DNL over code from the link.  Fron the curve it looks like 16 (maybe 32 with a very good LSB) code steps every 14 seconds. The part in between is just noise and there is also some extra noise from the amplifier.

For the correction one could use the same measurement as before: just correlate the steps with the bits changing. So it is only some 20 constants for the correction, not some 15000 points for the center part.
It still makes sense to measure over a certain range to get some averaging also for the higher bits.  For the start one could likely use only the lowest 2 to 4 bits and see how much the "noise" improves.

Kleinstein:
The popcorn noise of the LM399 often mainly effects really low frequencies and may not show up very much in the frequency range of the preamplifier. The curve beyound some 20 seconds is to a large part effected by the frequency response of the amplifier. So the curves going down beyond some 10 s is no from the references.

For the ramp, there is a part from the DAC and amplifiers and a part from the reference. The ref. part depends on the voltage and not just the ramp speed.

Kleinstein:
I would somewhat doubt, that the BW really goes down to 0.02 Hz. At least the curve for just the amplifier starts to go down from 20 s on. With a normal circuit the expected shape ot the Allan deviation curve is to finally go up on the long run. There is essentially no reasonable way (other than the frequency response) to let the curve go down to very long times (corresponds to low frequencies). White noise would give a horizontal curve and usually the noise is more going up to low frequencies, but not down. Getting the lower frequency limit from a resistor in the 10s of Gohm range is somewhat prone to errors (e.g. from leakage).

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