You can disagree with whatever you want, but you shall probably take the suggestion more seriously, if one you know... works "there" and knows which tools are buggy and which are not. I would never trust the Cube Programmer. STLink Utility always for any sanity checks.
STLINK Utility also has CLI, so now you know.
It even supports multiple STLINKs at once
It would also help, if the OP could attach a schematic and also a PCB layout screenshot, so we could independ
//EDIT: Oh, I see it. Why haven't I see it before?
You are missing a 100nF cap to GND on the NRST line. Power supply decoupling extremely inadequate I see just a couple of 100nF caps. To little for 100 (or more?) pin package with a 200MHz thing inside. Each VDD pin needs to have its own 100nF.