Curie had a small x86, but also an ARC co-processor. (And a dsp of some kind, and a neural net thing.). The arduino 101 core ended up compiling code for the arc, while the x86 did “other stuff.” (Yeah, that always seemed a bit weird.)
Anyone remember the Intel 386EX? Essentially an embedded version of the 386SX with a few integrated peripherals including serial I/O, counters/timers, DMA, and watchdog timer. Not really a microcontroller as it doesn't have any embedded RAM or flash.
You can still buy 386EX boards.
http://jkmicro.com/Flashlite386Ex.html