The only place where the polarized, larger capacitor is useful is the power supply input (Vbus). Not because of polarization, but because of the ESR of electrolytic capacitor, which helps dampen possible oscillations or hotplug overshoot which you can have if you have large MLCC in the input directly, as shown. Although the series resistance of F1 might already solve any such issue. And the fact that AMS1117 won't blow up at 6V.
Also possibly useful in that CLC filter; if you make the filter lossy (either by lossy C's, lossy L, or both), you reduce risk of filter resonances.
So it seems all the polarized caps are in the "wrong" places (C1, C12); I would remove them (not replace with large MLCCs, the 100n caps are fine alone); then I would add a 47-100uF elcap in parallel with C7. Then I would remove L1 and C5. Only if I'm sure that I need LC filtering on VDD_A, then I would look at lossy ferrite bead which does not saturate under I_vdda, or possibly parallel resistor with L, or replace C5 with a 4.7uF tantalum cap, and add another such tantalum in parallel with C4. But even this is handwaving; modeling it properly is a lot of work. Better just start out simple.
That said, the circuit will probably work perfectly as shown.
Most important key points, use small package SMD MLCC at each power pin. The more capacitance the better as long as it does not increase package size; 100nF is considered minimum, 1uF does not hurt as long as it's small. Use same part at each pin, no "paralleled different values" trickery. Then use electrolytic bulk capacitance at Vin. That's about it.