Is your USB to serial chip a WCH 340 or variant of that? The last 2 driver updates that windows shoves down your ….. don’t work, if you have that chip see what year the driver is 2023 and 2024 don’t work, roll back to a 2019 driver and it will work.
The device that I am using for the ISP communication is the Arduino UNO.
Arduino UNO is connected to a PC through a USB to serial chip. That chip is on the Arduino UNO board, can be either a FTD, or a CH340G, or something else with a similar function: USB to serial. The exact chip depends of the manufacturer, there's no standard, but each chip has its own Windows driver. The Windows drivers are unrelated with the Arduino IDE, or with the avrdude. It's a Windows thing.
CH340 is about 10 times cheaper, so most Arduino UNO will not have the expensive FTDI. That USB to serial bridge, no matter the model has to have Windows drivers installed, or else Windows won't be able to control it.
I don't use Windows, but I remember driver problems in the past, for both FTDI and CH340, each with different driver problems. I would try
ifrythings advice.
Another thing (if still doesn't work after you replace the Windows drivers), I remember using 100uF electrolytic capacitor on the Reset, not 4.7uF. 4.7uF seems too small. Try a bigger capacitor, or if you don't have any, put in parallel 2..3 capacitors of 4.7uF each, to make a bigger one. It won't damage the board. A bigger than 4.7uF on Reset won't damage the board, so just plug another one between Reset and GND of the UNO programmer and see if it starts working.
Which USB-to-serial chip is on your Arduino UNO (programmer) board?
(usually the USB-to-serial chip is located near the USB connector, so not the ATmega microcontroller)