WORKING! "Chiptune Project" for Arduino Pro Mini

[switchedmodepsu]

For ages I have wanted to get "chiptune" (.MOD, .SIT, .XM etc) music onto an Arduino. Well, I found this sketch for an Arduino Pro Mini (mine is the 16Mhz 5V version, Chinese clone named "BTE13-010A" with a URL of http://www.betemcu.cn)

Anyhoo, fire up Arduino ("Studio"?) and shove this sketch into it, then upload it to your Arduino Pro Mini, connect an 8 ohm speaker between GND and pin 3, and let the music RIP!

Here's what the tune sounds like (not my video):



If you download the sketch from the URL below, ensure that you add the "const" before " byte songdata" or it WILL NOT compile via the IDE.

Source of sketch: https://codebender.cc/sketch:60393

Code: [Select]

#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/signal.h>
#include <avr/interrupt.h>

#define TRACKLEN 32
#define MAXTRACK 0x92
#define SONGLEN 0x37

#include <avr/pgmspace.h>

extern "C" {
 
typedef unsigned char u8;
typedef unsigned short u16;
typedef char s8;
typedef short s16;
typedef unsigned long u32;

const byte songdata[] PROGMEM = {
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    0x45, 0x04, 0x08, 0x0a, 0xa1, 0x01, 0x0b, 0x25, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0xc8, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2b, 0x21, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2b,
    0x1d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x6b, 0x91, 0x12, 0x80, 0xb0, 0x90, 0x18, 0xc2,
    0x42, 0x4a, 0x08, 0x8d, 0x02, 0x90, 0x19, 0xc2, 0x42, 0x4a, 0x88, 0x0d,
    0xc3, 0x2d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0x0c,
    0xa1, 0xc5, 0x96, 0x5b, 0x70, 0xd9, 0xa5, 0x07, 0x03, 0x2e, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x48, 0x0f, 0x40, 0x80, 0x00, 0xf2, 0x23, 0x02, 0x64, 0x07, 0x22, 0x00,
    0x82, 0x03, 0x10, 0x1c, 0x11, 0x20, 0x3f, 0x64, 0x07, 0x03, 0x6e, 0x7e,
    0xe9, 0x05, 0x17, 0x5a, 0x66, 0xb1, 0x65, 0x16, 0x5a, 0x66, 0x89, 0x85,
    0x95, 0x57, 0x54, 0x99, 0xe5, 0x95, 0x18, 0x11, 0x20, 0x31, 0x22, 0x40,
    0x62, 0x44, 0x80, 0xc4, 0x00, 0x22, 0x40, 0x62, 0x44, 0x80, 0xf4, 0x88,
    0x00, 0x89, 0x11, 0x01, 0x00, 0x03, 0x2e, 0x12, 0x43, 0x62, 0x48, 0x0f,
    0x89, 0x21, 0x3d, 0x44, 0x18, 0x60, 0x7e, 0x08, 0x10, 0x89, 0x21, 0x31,
    0xa4, 0x87, 0xc4, 0x90, 0x1e, 0x22, 0x0c, 0x30, 0x3f, 0x00, 0xfb, 0x2d,
    0x02, 0x24, 0x02, 0x84, 0x48, 0x04, 0x48, 0x6f, 0xc4, 0x9e, 0x70, 0xd7,
    0xeb, 0xc5, 0x76, 0xc2, 0x1e, 0x70, 0x17, 0xeb, 0xe1, 0x76, 0xc0, 0xde,
    0x6f, 0xd7, 0xeb, 0xc5, 0x76, 0xbf, 0xde, 0x6e, 0x17, 0xeb, 0xe1, 0x76,
    0xbb, 0x1e, 0x6e, 0x87, 0xeb, 0xc5, 0x76, 0xc4, 0xde, 0x6e, 0x17, 0xeb,
    0xf5, 0x36, 0x3f, 0xa3, 0x0d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0x0c, 0x40, 0x68, 0x00,
    0x32, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x89, 0x01, 0xc8, 0x0b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xbd, 0x26, 0xb1, 0xcc,
    0x00, 0x7f, 0x4d, 0x41, 0x00, 0x48, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2b, 0x21, 0x11, 0x20, 0x25, 0x80, 0x08,
    0x90, 0x58, 0x62, 0x29, 0x11, 0x01, 0x52, 0x22, 0x02, 0x00, 0x29, 0x11,
    0x01, 0x56, 0x52, 0x22, 0x00, 0x90, 0x12, 0x11, 0x60, 0x25, 0x24, 0x02,
    0x00, 0x29, 0x11, 0x01, 0x52, 0x22, 0x02, 0xa4, 0x44, 0x04, 0x00, 0xcf,
    0xcc, 0xc0, 0x11, 0x01, 0x52, 0x22, 0x02, 0xa4, 0x44, 0x04, 0x48, 0x86,
    0x08, 0x90, 0x12, 0x11, 0x20, 0x19, 0x22, 0x40, 0x4a, 0x44, 0x80, 0x94,
    0x88, 0x00, 0xc9, 0x10, 0x01, 0x52, 0x22, 0x02, 0xa4, 0x44, 0x04, 0x48,
    0x86, 0x08, 0x90, 0x12, 0x11, 0xa0, 0x99, 0x01, 0x68, 0x46, 0x80, 0x53,
    0x22, 0x02, 0xa4, 0x44, 0x04
};

volatile u8 callbackwait;
volatile u8 lastsample;

volatile u8 timetoplay;

volatile u8 test;
volatile u8 testwait;

u8 trackwait;
u8 trackpos;
u8 playsong;
u8 songpos;

u32 noiseseed = 1;

u8 light[2];

/*const u16 freqtable[] = {
0x010b, 0x011b, 0x012c, 0x013e, 0x0151, 0x0165, 0x017a, 0x0191, 0x01a9,
0x01c2, 0x01dd, 0x01f9, 0x0217, 0x0237, 0x0259, 0x027d, 0x02a3, 0x02cb,
0x02f5, 0x0322, 0x0352, 0x0385, 0x03ba, 0x03f3, 0x042f, 0x046f, 0x04b2,
0x04fa, 0x0546, 0x0596, 0x05eb, 0x0645, 0x06a5, 0x070a, 0x0775, 0x07e6,
0x085f, 0x08de, 0x0965, 0x09f4, 0x0a8c, 0x0b2c, 0x0bd6, 0x0c8b, 0x0d4a,
0x0e14, 0x0eea, 0x0fcd, 0x10be, 0x11bd, 0x12cb, 0x13e9, 0x1518, 0x1659,
0x17ad, 0x1916, 0x1a94, 0x1c28, 0x1dd5, 0x1f9b, 0x217c, 0x237a, 0x2596,
0x27d3, 0x2a31, 0x2cb3, 0x2f5b, 0x322c, 0x3528, 0x3851, 0x3bab, 0x3f37,
0x42f9, 0x46f5, 0x4b2d, 0x4fa6, 0x5462, 0x5967, 0x5eb7, 0x6459, 0x6a51,
0x70a3, 0x7756, 0x7e6f
};*/

const u16 freqtable[] = {
0x0085, 0x008d, 0x0096, 0x009f, 0x00a8, 0x00b2, 0x00bd, 0x00c8, 0x00d4,
0x00e1, 0x00ee, 0x00fc, 0x010b, 0x011b, 0x012c, 0x013e, 0x0151, 0x0165,
0x017a, 0x0191, 0x01a9, 0x01c2, 0x01dd, 0x01f9, 0x0217, 0x0237, 0x0259,
0x027d, 0x02a3, 0x02cb, 0x02f5, 0x0322, 0x0352, 0x0385, 0x03ba, 0x03f3,
0x042f, 0x046f, 0x04b2, 0x04fa, 0x0546, 0x0596, 0x05eb, 0x0645, 0x06a5,
0x070a, 0x0775, 0x07e6, 0x085f, 0x08de, 0x0965, 0x09f4, 0x0a8c, 0x0b2c,
0x0bd6, 0x0c8b, 0x0d4a, 0x0e14, 0x0eea, 0x0fcd, 0x10be, 0x11bd, 0x12cb,
0x13e9, 0x1518, 0x1659, 0x17ad, 0x1916, 0x1a94, 0x1c28, 0x1dd5, 0x1f9b,
0x217c, 0x237a, 0x2596, 0x27d3, 0x2a31, 0x2cb3, 0x2f5b, 0x322c, 0x3528,
0x3851, 0x3bab, 0x3f37
};

const s8 sinetable[] = {
0, 12, 25, 37, 49, 60, 71, 81, 90, 98, 106, 112, 117, 122, 125, 126,
127, 126, 125, 122, 117, 112, 106, 98, 90, 81, 71, 60, 49, 37, 25, 12,
0, -12, -25, -37, -49, -60, -71, -81, -90, -98, -106, -112, -117, -122,
-125, -126, -127, -126, -125, -122, -117, -112, -106, -98, -90, -81,
-71, -60, -49, -37, -25, -12
};

const u8 validcmds[] = "0dfijlmtvw~+=";

enum {
WF_TRI,
WF_SAW,
WF_PUL,
WF_NOI
};

volatile struct oscillator {
u16 freq;
u16 phase;
u16 duty;
u8 waveform;
u8 volume; // 0-255
} osc[4];

struct trackline {
u8 note;
u8 instr;
u8 cmd[2];
u8 param[2];
};

struct track {
struct trackline line[TRACKLEN];
};

struct unpacker {
u16 nextbyte;
u8 buffer;
u8 bits;
};

struct channel {
struct unpacker trackup;
u8 tnum;
s8 transp;
u8 tnote;
u8 lastinstr;
u8 inum;
u16 iptr;
u8 iwait;
u8 inote;
s8 bendd;
s16 bend;
s8 volumed;
s16 dutyd;
u8 vdepth;
u8 vrate;
u8 vpos;
s16 inertia;
u16 slur;
} channel[4];

u16 resources[16 + MAXTRACK];

struct unpacker songup;

byte readsongbyte(u16 offset)
{
 
   return pgm_read_byte_near(&songdata[0] + offset);
}

void watchdogoff()
{
 
}

void initup(struct unpacker *up, u16 offset) {
up->nextbyte = offset;
up->bits = 0;
}

u8 readbit(struct unpacker *up) {
u8 val;

if(!up->bits) {
up->buffer = readsongbyte(up->nextbyte++);
up->bits = 8;
}

up->bits--;
val = up->buffer & 1;
up->buffer >>= 1;

return val;
}

u16 readchunk(struct unpacker *up, u8 n) {
u16 val = 0;
u8 i;

for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if(readbit(up)) {
val |= (1 << i);
}
}

return val;
}

void readinstr(byte num, byte pos, byte *dest) {
dest[0] = readsongbyte(resources[num] + 2 * pos + 0);
dest[1] = readsongbyte(resources[num] + 2 * pos + 1);
}

void runcmd(u8 ch, u8 cmd, u8 param) {
switch(validcmds[cmd]) {
case '0':
channel[ch].inum = 0;
break;
case 'd':
osc[ch].duty = param << 8;
break;
case 'f':
channel[ch].volumed = param;
break;
case 'i':
channel[ch].inertia = param << 1;
break;
case 'j':
channel[ch].iptr = param;
break;
case 'l':
channel[ch].bendd = param;
break;
case 'm':
channel[ch].dutyd = param << 6;
break;
case 't':
channel[ch].iwait = param;
break;
case 'v':
osc[ch].volume = param;
break;
case 'w':
osc[ch].waveform = param;
break;
case '+':
channel[ch].inote = param + channel[ch].tnote - 12 * 4;
break;
case '=':
channel[ch].inote = param;
break;
case '~':
if(channel[ch].vdepth != (param >> 4)) {
channel[ch].vpos = 0;
}
channel[ch].vdepth = param >> 4;
channel[ch].vrate = param & 15;
break;
}
}

void playroutine() { // called at 50 Hz
u8 ch;
u8 lights;

if(playsong) {
if(trackwait) {
trackwait--;
} else {
trackwait = 4;

if(!trackpos) {
if(playsong) {
if(songpos >= SONGLEN) {
playsong = 0;
} else {
for(ch = 0; ch < 4; ch++) {
u8 gottransp;
u8 transp;

gottransp = readchunk(&songup, 1);
channel[ch].tnum = readchunk(&songup, 6);
if(gottransp) {
transp = readchunk(&songup, 4);
if(transp & 0x8) transp |= 0xf0;
} else {
transp = 0;
}
channel[ch].transp = (s8) transp;
if(channel[ch].tnum) {
initup(&channel[ch].trackup, resources[16 + channel[ch].tnum - 1]);
}
}
songpos++;
}
}
}

if(playsong) {
for(ch = 0; ch < 4; ch++) {
if(channel[ch].tnum) {
u8 note, instr, cmd, param;
u8 fields;

fields = readchunk(&channel[ch].trackup, 3);
note = 0;
instr = 0;
cmd = 0;
param = 0;
if(fields & 1) note = readchunk(&channel[ch].trackup, 7);
if(fields & 2) instr = readchunk(&channel[ch].trackup, 4);
if(fields & 4) {
cmd = readchunk(&channel[ch].trackup, 4);
param = readchunk(&channel[ch].trackup, 8);
}
if(note) {
channel[ch].tnote = note + channel[ch].transp;
if(!instr) instr = channel[ch].lastinstr;
}
if(instr) {
if(instr == 2) light[1] = 5;
if(instr == 1) {
light[0] = 5;
if(channel[ch].tnum == 4) {
light[0] = light[1] = 3;
}
}
if(instr == 7) {
light[0] = light[1] = 30;
}
channel[ch].lastinstr = instr;
channel[ch].inum = instr;
channel[ch].iptr = 0;
channel[ch].iwait = 0;
channel[ch].bend = 0;
channel[ch].bendd = 0;
channel[ch].volumed = 0;
channel[ch].dutyd = 0;
channel[ch].vdepth = 0;
}
if(cmd) runcmd(ch, cmd, param);
}
}

trackpos++;
trackpos &= 31;
}
}
}

for(ch = 0; ch < 4; ch++) {
s16 vol;
u16 duty;
u16 slur;

while(channel[ch].inum && !channel[ch].iwait) {
u8 il[2];

readinstr(channel[ch].inum, channel[ch].iptr, il);
channel[ch].iptr++;

runcmd(ch, il[0], il[1]);
}
if(channel[ch].iwait) channel[ch].iwait--;

if(channel[ch].inertia) {
s16 diff;

slur = channel[ch].slur;
diff = freqtable[channel[ch].inote] - slur;
//diff >>= channel[ch].inertia;
if(diff > 0) {
if(diff > channel[ch].inertia) diff = channel[ch].inertia;
} else if(diff < 0) {
if(diff < -channel[ch].inertia) diff = -channel[ch].inertia;
}
slur += diff;
channel[ch].slur = slur;
} else {
slur = freqtable[channel[ch].inote];
}
osc[ch].freq =
slur +
channel[ch].bend +
((channel[ch].vdepth * sinetable[channel[ch].vpos & 63]) >> 2);
channel[ch].bend += channel[ch].bendd;
vol = osc[ch].volume + channel[ch].volumed;
if(vol < 0) vol = 0;
if(vol > 255) vol = 255;
osc[ch].volume = vol;

duty = osc[ch].duty + channel[ch].dutyd;
if(duty > 0xe000) duty = 0x2000;
if(duty < 0x2000) duty = 0xe000;
osc[ch].duty = duty;

channel[ch].vpos += channel[ch].vrate;
}

lights = 0;
if(light[0]) {
light[0]--;
lights |= 0x02;
}
if(light[1]) {
light[1]--;
lights |= 0x10;
}
PORTC = lights;
}

void initresources() {
u8 i;
struct unpacker up;

initup(&up, 0);
for(i = 0; i < 16 + MAXTRACK; i++) {
resources[i] = readchunk(&up, 13);
}

initup(&songup, resources[0]);
}

int main() {
asm("cli");
watchdogoff();
CLKPR = 0x80;
CLKPR = 0x80;

DDRC = 0x12;
DDRD = 0xff;

PORTC = 0;

timetoplay = 0;
trackwait = 0;
trackpos = 0;
playsong = 1;
songpos = 0;

osc[0].volume = 0;
channel[0].inum = 0;
osc[1].volume = 0;
channel[1].inum = 0;
osc[2].volume = 0;
channel[2].inum = 0;
osc[3].volume = 0;
channel[3].inum = 0;

initresources();

TCCR0A = 0x02;
TCCR0B = 0x02; // clkIO/8, so 1/8 MHz
OCR0A = 125;//125; // 8 KHz

        TCCR2A=0b10100011;
        TCCR2B=0b00000001;

TIMSK0 = 0x02;

asm("sei");
for(;;) {
while(!timetoplay);

timetoplay--;
playroutine();
}
}


ISR(TIMER0_COMPA_vect) // called at 8 KHz
{
u8 i;
s16 acc;
u8 newbit;

OCR2B = lastsample;

newbit = 0;
if(noiseseed & 0x80000000L) newbit ^= 1;
if(noiseseed & 0x01000000L) newbit ^= 1;
if(noiseseed & 0x00000040L) newbit ^= 1;
if(noiseseed & 0x00000200L) newbit ^= 1;
noiseseed = (noiseseed << 1) | newbit;

if(callbackwait) {
callbackwait--;
} else {
timetoplay++;
callbackwait = 180 - 1;
}

acc = 0;
for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
s8 value; // [-32,31]

switch(osc[i].waveform) {
case WF_TRI:
if(osc[i].phase < 0x8000) {
value = -32 + (osc[i].phase >> 9);
} else {
value = 31 - ((osc[i].phase - 0x8000) >> 9);
}
break;
case WF_SAW:
value = -32 + (osc[i].phase >> 10);
break;
case WF_PUL:
value = (osc[i].phase > osc[i].duty)? -32 : 31;
break;
case WF_NOI:
value = (noiseseed & 63) - 32;
break;
default:
value = 0;
break;
}
osc[i].phase += osc[i].freq;

acc += value * osc[i].volume; // rhs = [-8160,7905]
}
// acc [-32640,31620]
lastsample = 128 + (acc >> 8); // [1,251]
}

}
Credit for the originator of this project:

Linus Akesson (here is the original work)

[stfsux]

To be more precise, that song and that tracker was originally developped by a
guy called Linus Akesson (here is the original work).
I was pretty suprised by your post, I thought you were actually playing MOD/XM/IT on a atmega.
I already tried with an XMEGA (@32Mhz) and it was total crap, too much stuff to process.

[switchedmodepsu]

To be more precise, that song and that tracker was originally developped by a
guy called Linus Akesson (here is the original work).
I was pretty suprised by your post, I thought you were actually playing MOD/XM/IT on a atmega.
I already tried with an XMEGA (@32Mhz) and it was total crap, too much stuff to process.

Yes, that's his work, I should give credit - let me go and edit my post. Well i just wanted my Duino to play some keygen tunes and it does now, so that's all I care about for now. The code for the wave tables etc is wayyyyy above my head until I analyse it

[neslekkim]

Now if only someone find out to recreate this: http://www.linusakesson.net/bitbuf/index.php

[Photon939]

A while back I came across someone wanting to do the same. His code works well and sounds great but it's very easy to find songs that have samples that are too large for the arduino to process, even if you use the teensy code. I believe the limitations are mostly in the form of variable types that are too small. I don't know enough about the inner workings of tracker music to attempt majorly modifying his code.

It uses an R2R ladder on atmega328 and the DAC on the teensy 3.1. I modified the teensy code to use PWM as I only had a teensy 3.0 which does not have a DAC.