We haven't had a Fundamentals Friday for some time so have a suggestion. Yesterday I purchased one of those laser tape measures where you place it on the wall, press the button, and a laser pulse bounces off the opposite wall. You then see a digital display showing the distance.
Light travels at about a nanosecond a foot or 29.9792458 cm per second if you want metric. An HP time/frequency meter is a big beast with a mains power supply yet this unit measures the difference between the start and received pulse and it fits in my hand. So, how does it work?