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Products => Computers => Programming => Topic started by: DiTBho on January 03, 2021, 03:08:32 pm

Title: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: DiTBho on January 03, 2021, 03:08:32 pm

So I am playing with SDL on a machine that doesn't have X11 installed.
My goal is to write a very simple and basic application for sketching and note taking on a Linux-PDA using a stylus.

SDL_GetMouseState(&x, &y) points to "/dev/input/event1", but it returns rotated coordinates (x,y).
I am using "tslib" and I have already launched the "ts_calibrate tool", but it doesn't solve the problem. I correctly see things on the screen, but when I touch the touchscreen ... (x,y) are returned rotated like if I was touching the screen anti clockwise rotated.

Weird, and I am a bit lost with that.

Does anyone happen to have experience with that?
Thanks :D

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: Nominal Animal on January 03, 2021, 03:42:35 pm

Do you have the necessary environment variables set?
TSLIB_TSDEVICE=/dev/input/event1
TSLIB_TSEVENTTYPE=INPUT
TSLIB_CONFFILE=path to tslib configuration file
TSLIB_CALIBFILE=path to tslib calibration file
SDL_MOUSEDRV=TSLIB
SDL_MOUSEDEV=/dev/input/event1

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: DiTBho on January 03, 2021, 04:57:27 pm

Code: [Select]

export SDL_VIDEO_FBCON_ROTATION="NONE"
export SDL_TOUCHSCREEN=1
export SDL_VIDEODRIVER=fbcon
export SDL_FBDEV=/dev/fb0
export TSLIB_FBDEVICE=/dev/fb0
export TSLIB_CONSOLEDEVICE="none"
export TSLIB_TSDEVICE=/dev/input/event1
export TSLIB_TSEVENTTYPE=INPUT
export TSLIB_CONFFILE=/etc/ts.conf       #path to tslib configuration file
export TSLIB_CALIBFILE=/etc/pointercal   #path to tslib calibration file
export SDL_MOUSEDRV=TSLIB
export SDL_MOUSEDEV=/dev/input/event1

mostly yes, but I had to add these two :D

Code: [Select]

export SDL_MOUSEDRV=TSLIB
export SDL_MOUSEDEV=/dev/input/event1

Now it works, I mean the (x,y) are not rotated, but ... coordinates are noisy, and the five buttons on the screen don't work.

Umm, I wonder why (x,y) are covered by noise, and what I can do to solve it

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: DiTBho on January 03, 2021, 05:10:34 pm

what is this?

Code: [Select]

VT=7
...
chvt $VT

I found it in an old example before invoking the SDL app

Code: [Select]

NAME
       chvt - change foreground virtual terminal

SYNOPSIS
       chvt N

DESCRIPTION
       The  command chvt N makes /dev/ttyN the foreground terminal.  (The corresponding screen is created if
       it did not exist yet.  To get rid of unused VTs, use deallocvt(1).)  The key combination (Ctrl-)Left-
       Alt-FN (with N in the range 1-12) usually has a similar effe

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: Nominal Animal on January 03, 2021, 06:36:27 pm

Quote from: DiTBho on January 03, 2021, 04:57:27 pm

Now it works, I mean the (x,y) are not rotated, but ... coordinates are noisy, and the five buttons on the screen don't work.

Better not use tslib, then. If I were you, I'd adjust the coordinates in your SDL application.

Basically, the six floating-point values c₁, ..., c₆ are used to obtain x_use and y_use from x_raw and y_raw via
x_use = c₁ x_raw + c₂ y_raw + c₃
y_use = c₄ x_raw + c₅ y_raw + c₆

By default, c₁ = c₅ = 1, and c₂ = c₃ = c₄ = c₆ = 0. (That is, c = { 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 };.)

Use a command-line parameter to define the six floating-point numbers. Then it is just a matter of fine-tuning it to get touch coordinates correct; probably 0 1 0 -1 0 H or 0 -1 W 0 1 0 0, where W is the display width, and H is the display height.

This way the display buttons should still work, and you can compensate for the touch coordinates within your SDL application using a command-line option.

Something like

Code: [Select]

static double  xytrans[6] = { 1.0, 0.0, 0.0,  0.0, 1.0, 0.0 };

static inline Uint32 GetMouse(int *xp, int *yp)
{
    Uint32  retval;
    int  xc, int yc;

    retval = SDL_GetGlobalMouseState(&xc, &yc);
    if (xp) *xp = (int)( xc*xytrans[0] + yc*xytrans[1] + xytrans[2]);
    if (yp) *yp = (int)( xc*xytrans[3] + yc*xytrans[4] + xytrans[5]);

    return retval;
}

static int parse_xytrans(const char *from)
{
    double c[6] = { 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 };
    const char *next;
    if (!from)
        return errno = EINVAL;
    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
        const char *next = from;
        errno = 0;
        c[i] = strtod(curr, (char **)(&next));
        if (errno)
            return errno;
        if (next == from)
            return errno = EINVAL;
        from = next;
        if (*from == ':')
            from++;
    }
    if (*from != '\0')
        return errno = EINVAL;

    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
        xytrans[i] = c[i];

    return 0;
}

where you use GetMouse(&x,&y) instead of SDL_Get*MouseState(&x,&y).

When parsing command line options (or an environment variable), just pass the string to parse_xytrans(). If it returns zero, it had an acceptable transform, otherwise the current transform is unchanged. (The components can be separated by whitespace or by a colon, so the default can be written as e.g "1:0:0:0:1:0" or "1+0+0:0+1+0".)

Quote from: DiTBho on January 03, 2021, 05:10:34 pm

what is this?

Code: [Select]
VT=7
...
chvt $VT
I found it in an old example before invoking the SDL app

It switches to a specific console (/dev/tty7), just as if you pressed Alt+F7 on the console terminal. The first few consoles (/dev/tty1 and up) usually have a console login (getty) running, and that makes sure the SDL application does not interfere with those. X11 and Wayland etc. do the same.

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: DiTBho on January 04, 2021, 06:11:45 pm

Now it works in a "usable way" :D

I wonder, is there a way to have two layers with SDL?

I'd like to load a bitmap on layer0, and to draw on layer1, with layer1 displayed on the top of layer0, but with its pixels not "fused" with layer0.

So basically I want to save layer1 to a dedicated file.

What do you think about this?

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: Nominal Animal on January 05, 2021, 05:23:11 am

Quote from: DiTBho on January 04, 2021, 06:11:45 pm

I wonder, is there a way to have two layers with SDL?

Of course, except SDL talks about SDL_Surfaces instead. Consider the following example.c:

Code: [Select]

// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "SDL.h"
#include "SDL_image.h"

/* Surface-specific RGB color; use 0xRRGGBB for HTML color #RRGGBB. */
static inline Uint32 RGB(SDL_Surface *s, unsigned int rgb)
{
    return SDL_MapRGB(s->format, (rgb >> 16) & 255, (rgb >> 8) & 255, rgb & 255);
}

/* Surface-specific RGBA color; use 0xRRGGBBAA for HTML color #RRGGBB with opacity 0xAA/255. */
static inline Uint32 RGBA(SDL_Surface *s, unsigned int rgba)
{
    return SDL_MapRGBA(s->format, (rgba >> 24) & 255, (rgba >> 16) & 255, (rgba >> 8) & 255, rgba & 255);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    if (argc != 2 || !strcmp(argv[1], "-h") || !strcmp(argv[1], "--help")) {
        const char *arg0 = (argc > 0 && argv && argv[0] && argv[0][0]) ? argv[0] : "(this)";
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [ -h | --help ]\n", arg0);
        fprintf(stderr, "       %s IMAGE-FILE\n", arg0);
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    /* Initialize SDL. */
    if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO | SDL_INIT_EVENTS) == -1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot initialize SDL2: %s.\n", SDL_GetError());
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    /* Default to best possible scaling. */
    SDL_SetHintWithPriority(SDL_HINT_RENDER_SCALE_QUALITY, "2", SDL_HINT_DEFAULT);

    /* Load the desired image file. */
    SDL_Surface  *image = IMG_Load(argv[1]);
    if (!image) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s.\n", argv[1], IMG_GetError());
        SDL_Quit();
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    if (SDL_SetSurfaceBlendMode(image, SDL_BLENDMODE_NONE)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Image surface cannot be copied as is: %s.\n", SDL_GetError());
        SDL_FreeSurface(image);
        SDL_Quit();
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    /* Create a window using the image dimensions. */
    SDL_Window  *window = SDL_CreateWindow("Example",
                                           SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED,
                                           image->w, image->h,
                                           SDL_WINDOW_RESIZABLE | SDL_WINDOW_OPENGL);
    if (!window) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot create an SDL window (%dx%d): %s.\n",
                        image->w, image->h, SDL_GetError());
        SDL_FreeSurface(image);
        SDL_Quit();
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    /* Obtain the window surface (target).
       Note: This is owned by the window; never SDL_FreeSurface() this.
             This will also be invalidated if the window size changes.
    */
    SDL_Surface  *target = SDL_GetWindowSurface(window);
    if (!target) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot obtain SDL window surface: %s.\n", SDL_GetError());
        SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
        SDL_FreeSurface(image);
        SDL_Quit();
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    /* Fill it initially with a neutral grey. */
    SDL_FillRect(target, NULL, RGB(target, 0xCCCCCC));


    /* TODO: Better bit depth and pixel format, optimized for current window?
             It should have alpha, unless we use color keying.
    */
    int  drawable_bitdepth = 32;
    int  drawable_format = SDL_PIXELFORMAT_RGBA32;

    /* Create a surface we can draw on.
       TODO: Better bit depth and pixel format for the given window? Should have alpha, though.
    */
    SDL_Surface  *drawable = SDL_CreateRGBSurfaceWithFormat(0, image->w, image->h,
                                                            drawable_bitdepth, drawable_format);
    if (!drawable) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot create a drawable SDL surface: %s.\n", SDL_GetError());
        SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
        SDL_FreeSurface(image);
        SDL_Quit();
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    if (SDL_SetSurfaceBlendMode(drawable, SDL_BLENDMODE_BLEND) == -1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Drawable SDL surface does not support alpha blending: %s.\n", SDL_GetError());
        SDL_FreeSurface(drawable);
        SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
        SDL_FreeSurface(image);
        SDL_Quit();
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    /* Clear the surface to transparent white. */
    SDL_FillRect(drawable, NULL, RGBA(drawable, 0xFFFFFF00));

    /* Main event loop */
    while (1) {
        SDL_Event  event;

        if (SDL_WaitEvent(&event) == 1) {
            if (event.type == SDL_QUIT) {
                break;
            } else
            if (event.type == SDL_MOUSEBUTTONDOWN) {
                if (event.button.button == SDL_BUTTON_LEFT) {
                    const SDL_Rect  r = { .x = event.button.x - 1, .y = event.button.y - 1, .w = 3, .h = 3 };
                    SDL_FillRect(drawable, &r, RGBA(drawable, 0xFF0000FF));
                }
            } else
            if (event.type == SDL_MOUSEMOTION) {
                if (event.motion.state & SDL_BUTTON_LMASK) {
                    SDL_Rect  r = { .x = event.motion.x, .y = event.motion.y, .w = 1, .h = 1 };
                    SDL_FillRect(drawable, &r, RGBA(drawable, 0xFF0000FF));
                }
            } else
            if (event.type == SDL_WINDOWEVENT) {
                if (event.window.event == SDL_WINDOWEVENT_RESIZED ||
                    event.window.event == SDL_WINDOWEVENT_SIZE_CHANGED) {
                    int  new_width = event.window.data1;
                    int  new_height = event.window.data2;

                    /* The old window surface was invalidated. Refresh it. */
                    target = SDL_GetWindowSurface(window);

                    /* And fill it with a neutral grey. */
                    SDL_FillRect(target, NULL, RGB(target, 0xCCCCCC));

                    /* Expand?  (We never shrink our drawable size, since it'd be lossy.) */
                    if (drawable->w < new_width || drawable->h < new_height) {
                        /* Don't shrink the drawable, as that'd be lossy. */
                        if (new_width < drawable->w)
                            new_width = drawable->w;
                        if (new_height < drawable->h)
                            new_height = drawable->h;

                        SDL_Surface  *new_drawable = SDL_CreateRGBSurfaceWithFormat(0, new_width, new_height,
                                                                                    drawable_bitdepth, drawable_format);
                        if (!new_drawable) {
                            fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Cannot extend drawable from %dx%d to %dx%d: %s.\n",
                                            drawable->w, drawable->h, new_width, new_height, SDL_GetError());
                        } else {
                            SDL_SetSurfaceBlendMode(new_drawable, SDL_BLENDMODE_BLEND);
                            SDL_FillRect(new_drawable, NULL, RGBA(new_drawable, 0xFFFFFF00));
                            /* Blit the current contents of the drawable to the new drawable, */
                            SDL_BlitSurface(drawable, NULL, new_drawable, NULL);
                            /* and replace it with this new one. */
                            SDL_FreeSurface(drawable);
                            drawable = new_drawable;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /* Assume all events require a window content update. Normally, we'd only do this if and only if
            event.type == SDL_WINDOWEVENT && (event.window.event == SDL_WINDOWEVENT_RESIZED ||
                                              event.window.event == SDL_WINDOWEVENT_SIZE_CHANGED ||
                                              event.window.event == SDL_WINDOWEVENT_SHOWN ||
                                              event.window.event == SDL_WINDOWEVENT_EXPOSED)
           but we'll keep things simple here. */

        /* Blit the underlying image there. */
        SDL_BlitSurface(image, NULL, target, NULL);

        /* Then blit the drawable on top. */
        SDL_BlitSurface(drawable, NULL, target, NULL);

        /* Finally, update window contents. */
        SDL_UpdateWindowSurface(window);
    }

    /* We could save the drawable as an image here. */

    SDL_FreeSurface(drawable);
    SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
    SDL_FreeSurface(image);
    SDL_Quit();
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

I use the following Makefile for it:

Code: [Select]

CC      := gcc
CFLAGS  := -Wall -Wextra -O2 `pkg-config --cflags sdl2 SDL2_image`
LDFLAGS := `pkg-config --libs sdl2 SDL2_image`
PROGS   := example

.PHONY: all clean

all: clean $(PROGS)

clean:
	rm -f *.o $(PROGS)

example: example.c
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $^ $(LDFLAGS) -o $@

It is safe to run sed -e 's|^ *|\t|' -i Makefile to fix the tab-indentation on it.Run
make clean all
to build the example.

To run the example, supply a path to some image to use as a basis, say
./example $(find /usr/share/backgrounds/ -name '*.png' -o -name '*.jpg' | sort -R | head -n 1)
Left-clicking leaves small red droppings on the image. If you add code to save the drawable surface to a file (using SDL_image), it will only have those red droppings. You'll want to use PNG, to keep the alpha channel.

No, I did not do your work for you. ;)

You'll notice it is slow, not very responsive. That is because redrawing the entire window contents when only a small part is changed is wasteful. I also forgot to include the mouse/pointer coordinate transforms into it.

You should modify it so that the full window is only redrawn when a full window content update (certain SDL_WINDOWEVENTs) occurs.
When you draw something to the drawable, you save the SDL_Rect(s) that cover the modified area, and pass that/those instead of NULLs to the blit operations, so only the modified regions need to be transferred.

If you don't need alpha blending, investigate SDL_SetColorKey (https://wiki.libsdl.org/SDL_SetColorKey) on the drawable surface. Could be faster.

If you want better use of hardware acceleration, you'll need to use an SDL_Renderer and SDL_Textures instead of SDL_Surfaces. I don't know how much faster/efficient it is than blitting SDL_Surfaces, though.

There's lots there to investigate and experiment with, to get a nice, snappy app you like; this really is just enough to get you going. ^-^

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: ebclr on January 05, 2021, 11:04:30 am

What is SDL ?

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: Ed.Kloonk on January 05, 2021, 11:06:07 am

Quote from: ebclr on January 05, 2021, 11:04:30 am

What is SDL ?

Quote

Simple DirectMedia Layer is a cross-platform development library designed to provide low level access to audio, keyboard, mouse, joystick, and graphics hardware via OpenGL and Direct3D.

https://www.libsdl.org/ (https://www.libsdl.org/)

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: Nominal Animal on January 05, 2021, 12:45:58 pm

SDL can be used to create fullscreen and/or windowed games and (simple) applicationson. It is not a widget toolkit like Gtk+, Qt, or FLTK, though; it provides a much simpler interface.

Embedded Linux devices can use SDL on a raw framebuffer, with OpenGL/OpenGL ES hardware acceleration, without X or Wayland.

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: janoc on January 05, 2021, 12:57:20 pm

Quote from: DiTBho on January 04, 2021, 06:11:45 pm

Now it works in a "usable way" :D

I wonder, is there a way to have two layers with SDL?

I'd like to load a bitmap on layer0, and to draw on layer1, with layer1 displayed on the top of layer0, but with its pixels not "fused" with layer0.

So basically I want to save layer1 to a dedicated file.

What do you think about this?

That is not really how SDL works. It is not Photoshop or Flash where you work in layers.

In SDL you have a Surface you draw into - which is usually an on screen window, texture or framebuffer. And you are running a loop that will clear the surface at the start, draw whatever is needed there and then flip the back buffer and front buffer (most of the time double buffering is used to avoid flicker) to actually display the new graphics. SDL is designed to redraw the entire screen on every frame - the same as most games, Vulkan, OpenGL or DirectX do.

So if you want to have "layers", you need to implement them yourself. You clear the surface, you draw one thing ("background") and then you draw the other "layers" on top, overwriting parts of what was drawn in the buffer already. E.g. an image or whatever you want. You can enable alpha blending too to make sure transparency ("cutouts") is handled correctly.

That is what the example given by Nominal Animal does.

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: DiTBho on January 05, 2021, 04:14:53 pm

I am new to SDL, I haven't done anything similar before.

Today I have made some progress, but one thing is not clear: there are five buttons designed on the right-side of my LCD, their labels are { F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 }, so I tried to map them as { DLK_1, SDLK_2, SDLK_3, SDLK_4, SDLK_5 }, but they are not recognized at all.

Code: [Select]

    case SDL_KEYDOWN:
        switch (event.key.keysym.sym) 
        {
        case SDLK_ESCAPE:
            debug ("Escape pressed\n");
            return 1;
        case SDLK_1:
            debug ("1 pressed\n");
            clear_screen ();
            break;
            ...

I mean none of these "virtual? buttons" cause a event, while pressing physical buttons on the keyboard does cause event, and the code reacts as expected.

So I wonder what should I have to investigate. SDL? Some config? Or the kernel driver? :-//

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: Nominal Animal on January 05, 2021, 05:56:04 pm

Quote from: DiTBho on January 05, 2021, 04:14:53 pm

I mean none of these "virtual? buttons" cause a event, while pressing physical buttons on the keyboard does cause event, and the code reacts as expected.

First, run

Code: [Select]

for D in /sys/class/input/event* ; do echo "$D: " "'$(cat $D/device/name)'" ; done

to list all input event devices the machine knows about. One of them should be the touch display; let's say event3.

Run, as root,

Code: [Select]

hexdump -C /dev/input/event3

and touch the display buttons. Do you get any output? There should be at least one event device that generates something when you touch the buttons.

On some of the display modules I have, there are four "icons" at the bottom edge of the display. These are implemented simply by extending the touch sensor further than the display itself, with the icons drawn on the display glass (beneath the resistive touch surface). They are not really buttons at all, just report higher Y coordinate than anything within the display itself. So, to support these, one just treats them as mouse button (or touch) events that happen to occur outside the visible display region.

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: janoc on January 05, 2021, 05:56:20 pm

Quote from: DiTBho on January 05, 2021, 04:14:53 pm

I mean none of these "virtual? buttons" cause a event, while pressing physical buttons on the keyboard does cause event, and the code reacts as expected.

So I wonder what should I have to investigate. SDL? Some config? Or the kernel driver? :-//

If it was to work "out of the box", that touchscreen would need to work as a HID device and feed keyboard/button press events to Linux - that's where SDL gets those from.

Print out all events you are getting (not only keyboard events - those buttons don't have to generate keyboard events!) and check whether you are getting anything at all when pressing those soft buttons. You will need to react to those events, that doesn't get automagically mapped to an arbitrary keyboard event you have found. They may not be (and likely aren't!) keyboard events at all, more like mouse buttons.

It is also well possible that there isn't anything generated at all. In that case Linux or SDL has no means to know that some part of your LCD is labeled as a soft button. That is up to you to manage, using the coordinates from the touchscreen.

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: DiTBho on January 05, 2021, 06:20:48 pm

It's a very old kernel, and for a lot of reasons, I cannot upgrade it.
It's a 2.6.23.

The device folder contains this:

Code: [Select]

/sys/class/input/event0/device/
bus/          driver/       input:input0/ modalias      power/        subsystem/    uevent

There is no "name" exported, and there is no event2/event3, only these:

Code: [Select]

/dev/input/
by-path/ event0   event1 mice mouse0

:-//

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: DiTBho on January 05, 2021, 06:22:47 pm

Quote from: Nominal Animal on January 05, 2021, 05:56:04 pm

On some of the display modules I have, there are four "icons" at the bottom edge of the display. These are implemented simply by extending the touch sensor further than the display itself, with the icons drawn on the display glass (beneath the resistive touch surface). They are not really buttons at all, just report higher Y coordinate than anything within the display itself. So, to support these, one just treats them as mouse button (or touch) events that happen to occur outside the visible display region.

This seems my case, five "icons" at the the right edge of the display :D

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: DiTBho on January 05, 2021, 06:26:22 pm

Code: [Select]

# hexdump -C /dev/input/event1

Code: [Select]

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00002820  00 5b f7 5f 21 28 03 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.[._!(..........|
00002830  00 5b f7 5f a6 9b 03 00  03 00 18 00 00 00 00 00  |.[._............|
00002840  00 5b f7 5f cf 9b 03 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.[._............|
00002850  00 5b f7 5f 44 06 05 00  03 00 00 00 d6 0e 00 00  |.[._D...........|
00002860  00 5b f7 5f 66 06 05 00  03 00 01 00 74 0a 00 00  |.[._f.......t...|
00002870  00 5b f7 5f 6c 06 05 00  03 00 18 00 46 12 00 00  |.[._l.......F...|
00002880  00 5b f7 5f 76 06 05 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.[._v...........|
00002890  00 5b f7 5f ce 23 05 00  03 00 01 00 73 0a 00 00  |.[._.#......s...|
000028a0  00 5b f7 5f f4 23 05 00  03 00 18 00 c9 10 00 00  |.[._.#..........|
000028b0  00 5b f7 5f fd 23 05 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.[._.#..........|
000028c0  00 5b f7 5f d0 4a 05 00  03 00 00 00 d4 0e 00 00  |.[._.J..........|
000028d0  00 5b f7 5f f2 4a 05 00  03 00 01 00 74 0a 00 00  |.[._.J......t...|
000028e0  00 5b f7 5f f8 4a 05 00  03 00 18 00 c7 10 00 00  |.[._.J..........|
000028f0  00 5b f7 5f 01 4b 05 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.[._.K..........|
00002900  00 5b f7 5f ec 71 05 00  03 00 00 00 de 0e 00 00  |.[._.q..........|
00002910  00 5b f7 5f 14 72 05 00  03 00 18 00 91 10 00 00  |.[._.r..........|
00002920  00 5b f7 5f 1e 72 05 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.[._.r..........|

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: DiTBho on January 05, 2021, 06:30:33 pm

This python script works with /dev/input/event1 and with /dev/input/mice.
It's mute with /dev/input/event0

Code: [Select]

import struct

#f = open("/dev/input/mice", "rb");
f = open("/dev/input/event1", "rb");
while 1:
  data = f.read(3)
  print struct.unpack('3b',data)

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: DiTBho on January 05, 2021, 06:44:19 pm

All the GetMouse(x,y) functions offered by SDL are noisy. If I put the pen stick in a fixed position, the coordinates (x,y) oscillate both around 6 values.

I have developed a C module to read the (x,y) coordinates directly from /dev/input/event1. Of course these values are still noisy but things go better when they pass through a function that evaluates their mean value. It needs to sum 16 times before producing anything stable.

Quote from: janoc on January 05, 2021, 05:56:20 pm

It is also well possible that there isn't anything generated at all. In that case Linux or SDL has no means to know that some part of your LCD is labeled as a soft button. That is up to you to manage, using the coordinates from the touchscreen.

umm, I have also noticed that if I move the pen-stick to the position of one of five the icon-buttons, I see its (x,y) coordinates.

It loos like the kernel is not processing soft-buttons. But I am not sure :-//

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: Nominal Animal on January 05, 2021, 07:09:17 pm

Linux input events are defined in /usr/include/linux/input.h: struct input_event (https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/include/uapi/linux/input.h). On a 32-bit system with 32-bit time, each event is 16 bytes long:
uint32_t seconds;
uint32_t nanoseconds;
uint16_t type;
uint16_t code;
uint32_t value;
where:

type is EV_ABS == 3 for touch events, EV_KEY == 1 for actual keypresses, and EV_SYN == 0 for sync events.
(Events are considered to occur at the same moment if there is no EV_SYN in between. That is, one or more events are always followed by EV_SYN.)
Your event1 provides EV_ABS and EV_SYN events.
code is the event code, depending on type.
Fortype == EV_ABS, code == ABS_X == 0 for touch X coordinate, ABS_Y == 1 for touch Y coordinate, ABS_PRESSURE == 0x18 for pressure, ABS_DISTANCE == 0x19 for distance.
Your event1 provides ABS_X, ABS_Y, and ABS_PRESSURE event codes.
value is the event value, depending on type and code.
For keypresses, it is 0 for key release, 1 for key press, and 2 for key autorepeat.
For EV_ABS events, it is the event value (so X coordinate for ABS_X, and so on).

This is a binary interface provided by the Linux kernel, and is stable. (Well, except that years and years ago, certain developers insisted adding an ioctl()-based interface, "deprecating" the standard read interface, because a certain daemon system prefers ioctl()s, and they thought the interface might change at some point, at which time having an ioctl() interface would allow supporting both binary event formats. The interface hasn't changed for two decades; it has only been extended in a completely backwards compatible fashion.)

Quote from: DiTBho on January 05, 2021, 06:44:19 pm

If I put the pen stick in a fixed position, the coordinates (x,y) oscillate both around 6 values.

That is quite typical for resistive touch panels, I guess.

Quote from: DiTBho on January 05, 2021, 06:44:19 pm

I have also noticed that if I move the pen-stick to the position of one of five the icon-buttons, I see its (x,y) coordinates.

Yup, so they are not buttons at all, just drawings in an area outside the display, but within the touch panel.

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: Nominal Animal on January 07, 2021, 12:08:04 am

Note that the jitter in the coordinates is usually not because of the touch panel itself, but more because of the low precision of the ADCs used. So, switching to a different panel is unlikely to help.

If there is any room in the enclosure, and it has SPI/I2C/serial pins you can interface to, you can use the same panel but your own touch controller, say based on TI TSC2046EIPWR or similar, maybe interfaced to a small microcontroller (ATtiny24?). If you have USB available, that would be perfect, because then you only need a native USB microcontroller to provide a USB HID interface, and you don't need any software drivers or anything.
If you are TRULY lucky, maybe it uses an older touch screen controller that is pin-compatible with a newer, better one, that you could just replace?

The purpose for the small microcontroller is to do in hardware what you would need to do in software on the Linux side, producing events only when something interesting occurs instead of all the time. (Low-power microcontrollers are optimal.)

The idea is that when there is no touch, the axes are disconnected (resistance very high). Typical resistive panels axis resistance is between 100 and 1000 ohms, by the way; you can measure those if you can access its four-wire flat panel connector. The measurements are ratiometric, because we want to know the effective resistance, instead of any particular voltage. A little noise, say 1-2 LSB, is also not a problem. When you do touch, one axis acts like a voltage divider, and the touch point along that axis can be read by measuring the voltage on the other axis.

You sample the axes say 100-1000 times a second. This rate determines the touch latency, 10ms to 1ms; you don't want it to be too long, because then the display feels "laggy".

When you do detect a touch, you up the sample rate to say 10,000 samples a second, so that you can filter the results and provide a new event whenever the touch point truly moves. I guess you could do with an 8-bit ENOB ADC, if the sample rate was high enough, as you only need a couple of extra bits of precision; so perhaps, perhaps, an ATtiny84 could do this by itself.

(I do happen to have an ATtiny84 (a DigiSpark clone) and some 2.4" displays with resistive touch panels, so really I should have tested whether an ATtiny84 and its 8-bit ADC alone would suffice – they're tiny, so you should be able to tuck one somewhere, with one or two ceramic caps (0.1µF and 1µF as is typical) to stabilize its operating voltage – but hey, I'm just another hobbyist; even if I couldn't do it, does not mean it is not possible.)

So, really, it all boils down to whether you can add that small microcontroller to the device, and hijack the touch screen from whatever crappy controller it is now using.
If you have a free USB, you don't need any software, just a native-USB microcontroller providing an USB HID interface, and the Linux kernel will do the work for you. If you use I2C, SPI, or serial, you only need a very simple and lightweight uinput daemon. That I can help with: it'd take me less than an hour to write one for you. (The uinput daemon takes the serial data, and tells the Linux kernel about the input events; it has to have read/write access to the /dev/uinput device to do this. These will then be available to any program as normal input events, including to SDL.)

(Also, instead of doing the touch screen adjustments and filtering in SDL, it is possible to use a simple daemon that grabs the input event device, and provides its own filtered input device. Grabbing prevents other processes from seeing the read input events, and the daemon produces a new input event device that looks and behaves exactly like the hardware ones. It can do the filtering in software, avoiding all the mess elsewhere, and is really quite lightweight. Maybe this is worth experimenting with first? It would have to provide initial touch immediately to avoid latencies, and differentiate between movement and positioning jitter, but that's a simple numerical filtering problem rather easily solved – although you would definitely need to experiment a bit with it. Let me know if you want to proceed with this instead.)

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: DiTBho on January 07, 2021, 10:00:59 am

Quote from: Nominal Animal on January 07, 2021, 12:08:04 am

Note that the jitter in the coordinates is usually not because of the touch panel itself, but more because of the low precision of the ADCs used.

Don't know, I bought it second hand deal. I know it was priced 500 euro back in 2000. Crappy ADC? Too early technology with the touchscreen film? Who knows. And on the top of this, every ADC is affected by noise in a way you have to filter its samples. Which brings me to question about the kernel driver module, which is not the official one because the dropped the support after the last kernel v2.4, the v2.6 was never support, so what(1) I am using is clearly made by an hobbyist and it doesn't filter anything.

(1)

Code: [Select]

uname -r
2.6.23-proof

Quote from: Nominal Animal on January 07, 2021, 12:08:04 am

If there is any room in the enclosure, and it has SPI/I2C/serial pins you can interface to, you can use the same panel but your own touch controller, say based on TI TSC2046EIPWR or similar

Unfortunately there is no space anywhere inside the plastic enclosure. The PDA is so small that it literally fits in a shirt pocket :o

However, this is a great idea for a second similar project: take my old 14.1" laptop, and convert it into a tablet by adding a resistive touchscreen film on the top of the screen.

In this case it needs a controller, so bingo! We can add a good one on a free usb port, or even on a serial port :D

Quote from: Nominal Animal on January 07, 2021, 12:08:04 am

Also, instead of doing the touch screen adjustments and filtering in SDL, it is possible to use a simple daemon that grabs the input event device, and provides its own filtered input device.

Great great idea! Thanks :D

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: Nominal Animal on January 08, 2021, 02:53:39 am

Quote from: DiTBho on January 07, 2021, 10:00:59 am

Don't know, I bought it second hand deal. I know it was priced 500 euro back in 2000. Crappy ADC? Too early technology with the touchscreen film? Who knows. And on the top of this, every ADC is affected by noise in a way you have to filter its samples. Which brings me to question about the kernel driver module, which is not the official one because the dropped the support after the last kernel v2.4, the v2.6 was never support, so what(1) I am using is clearly made by an hobbyist and it doesn't filter anything.

Do you have the sources for the driver? I'd like to take a looksee.

Of course an userspace uinput daemon can additionally handle the four buttons, producing keyboard events for those, and do the X/Y mapping and calibration. That'll make the touch interface usable everywhere. But, depending on the hardware integration, all that could be done in the driver, too.

Usually, these drivers are not so complicated that porting them to current kernels is too difficult, so I could take a looksee. Which kernel version can you run, otherwise, on that hardware? Have you opened the device to look at what chip handles the touchscreen? Because of how these resistive touch panels are accessed, all four wires will go to the same chip; usually a dedicated resistive touch panel controller chip. XPT2046 (https://www.buydisplay.com/download/ic/XPT2046.pdf) is a very common one (from 2007), and because your event1 also reports pressure, it really looks like something very similar is being used... If the driver uses SPI to read it, then it should be simple to up the sample rate for filtering the sampled coordinates; and providing the X/Y coefficients and button locations via module parameters (so they'd be very easy to maintain) is quite straightforward.

(To calibrate, one would unload the driver, load it with no mappings, then run a small calibration application, then unload the driver, and load it with the calibrated settings. If the settings are acceptable, stick an options touchmodule name1=value1 name2=value2 ... line in /etc/modprobe.conf or /etc/modprobe.d/touchmodule.conf, and the parameters will be passed to the touch driver whenever the module is loaded.)

Quote from: DiTBho on January 07, 2021, 10:00:59 am

However, this is a great idea for a second similar project: take my old 14.1" laptop, and convert it into a tablet by adding a resistive touchscreen film on the top of the screen.

Capacitive multitouch panels are nicer, though; I recommend one with an integrated USB controller. They should provide a standard USB HID touch panel interface, so no drivers should be needed at all. At 14.1" inches, I think a resistive one will be much cheaper, though. (I do believe a Teensy LC (https://www.pjrc.com/store/teensylc.html) would make for a pretty good resistive touch controller; its ADC has 12+ bits (16 bits, but 12-13 effective/noise-free bits), it's cheap and small, has native USB (so will support USB HID, and no drivers needed!), and it is very nice to program in Arduino via Teensyduino add-on. All you need is to connect the four resistive touch panel connectors to suitable pins on the Teensy LC.)

I've bought some displays from BuyDisplay (EastRising), and I like the displays and documentation they provide. They also have quite a selection of smaller capacitive and resistive touch panels (https://www.buydisplay.com/accessory/touch-panel), but I haven't played with those yet.

(I'd also love to play with a surface acoustic wave touch panel kit: it is a glass panel, with ultrasonic transducers and sensors at the corners, and detect touch by how it affects the acoustic waves on the surface of the panel. A multitouch wide-but-not-tall tempered glass one might make for a very fancy transparent keyboard, you see..)

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: DiTBho on January 08, 2021, 12:04:22 pm

Quote from: Nominal Animal on January 08, 2021, 02:53:39 am

Do you have the sources for the driver? I'd like to take a looksee.

At the moment I only have the hardware, I mean the official support kernel was v2.4.*, then the company fist made the support entirely decommissioned then stop selling the product, and for a some years hobbyists tried to maintain the interest by privately selling second hand PDAs on eBay and by trying to support some versions in the v2.6 family.

Practically, after the v2.4 decommission, there were only five major releases, of which the 2.6.23 is the last one with everything working in a usable way.

Code: [Select]

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <linux/input.h>

#define EVENT_DEVICE    "/dev/input/event1"
#define EVENT_TYPE      EV_ABS
#define EVENT_CODE_X    ABS_X
#define EVENT_CODE_Y    ABS_Y

int main()
{
    struct input_event ev;
    int                fd;
    char               name[256] = "Unknown";

    fd = open(EVENT_DEVICE, O_RDONLY);
    if (fd == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s is not a vaild device\n", EVENT_DEVICE);
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    ioctl(fd, EVIOCGNAME(sizeof(name)), name);
    printf("%s\n", name);

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

I wrote this simple program to see the device-name.

Which is reported as:

Code: [Select]

 # ./devicename
Corgi Touchscreen

Quote from: Nominal Animal on January 08, 2021, 02:53:39 am

Which kernel version can you run, otherwise, on that hardware?

Only 2.6.23, I mean without investing hundred hours fixing a lot a lot stuff with other kernel versions :o

Quote from: Nominal Animal on January 08, 2021, 02:53:39 am

Have you opened the device to look at what chip handles the touchscreen?

I will. I still have to understand how to open the plastic without breaking it :D

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: janoc on January 08, 2021, 12:58:32 pm

Quote from: DiTBho on January 08, 2021, 12:04:22 pm

I wrote this simple program to see the device-name.

Which is reported as:

Code: [Select]
 # ./devicename
Corgi Touchscreen

Why don't you say straight away that you have a Sharp Zaurus?

I still have my SL-C760 (Husky) somewhere.

However, given how ancient the hardware is now (20 years some models!) and pretty much zero support for the XScale CPUs in these things (ancient ARMv5 architecture - yes, Intel made ARM processors ...), I wouldn't have high hopes for getting this usable. Even GCC has deprecated and removed support for this architecture, so no wonder there is no way to get more recent kernels working.

I remember that taking the device apart was not quite trivial, I don't think I have actually managed myself - also didn't want to break it.

It was (and still is) a cute and cool little device, I have used mine for a quite a long time as both a PDA and effectively a laptop once I have got wifi working on it and even ported some software to it (such as the Dolphin C64 emulator - also used SDL).

However, unless you have a specific need to get your project working on this hardware, I would strongly suggest focusing your efforts elsewhere (e.g. a cheap Android tablet). With no software support and 32MB (!) of RAM or so you are going to be constantly hitting your head against a wall. Heck, even getting a wifi or ethernet compact flash card for it will be a challenge today.

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: Nominal Animal on January 08, 2021, 12:59:58 pm

Quote from: DiTBho on January 08, 2021, 11:42:27 am

I wrote this simple program to see the device-name.

I would have thought that
cat /sys/class/input/event1/device/name
would have been easier! ;D

Besides, realpath /sys/class/input/event1/device/device/driver tells the most interesting thing, the input event driver sysfs path.

So, I assume corgi_ts.c v2.6.23.17 (https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v2.6.23.17/source/drivers/input/touchscreen/corgi_ts.c) is the driver you're using, with v2.6.34.15 (https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v2.6.34.15/source/drivers/input/touchscreen/corgi_ts.c) being its latest known version? (There are only minor changes between the two versions; include paths and macro name changes.)

If so, you'll find a TI ADS7846 (https://www.ti.com/product/ADS7846) (PDF datasheet (https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ads7846.pdf)) or a fully compatible IC inside that PDA. However, it is on the same SSP interface the LCD controller and the battery monitoring are, see arch/arm/mach-pxa/corgi_ssp.c (https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v2.6.34.15/source/arch/arm/mach-pxa/corgi_ssp.c), and I wonder why they synchronize it with the horizontal retrace (the higher-rate one). Other than that, it shouldn't be difficult at all to mangle that driver to provide adjusted filtered events.

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: DiTBho on January 08, 2021, 01:11:00 pm

Quote from: Nominal Animal on January 08, 2021, 12:59:58 pm

I would have thought that
cat /sys/class/input/event1/device/name
would have been easier! ;D

yup, but for certain incomprehensible reasons it's not supported :o

Code: [Select]

cat /sys/class/input/event1/device/name
cat: /sys/class/input/event1/device/name: No such file or directory

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: janoc on January 08, 2021, 04:05:00 pm

Quote from: DiTBho on January 08, 2021, 01:11:00 pm

Quote from: Nominal Animal on January 08, 2021, 12:59:58 pm
I would have thought that
cat /sys/class/input/event1/device/name
would have been easier! ;D

yup, but for certain incomprehensible reasons it's not supported :o

Code: [Select]
cat /sys/class/input/event1/device/name
cat: /sys/class/input/event1/device/name: No such file or directory

Probably sysfs is not mounted. Try:

Code: [Select]

mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: DiTBho on January 08, 2021, 04:52:58 pm

Quote from: janoc on January 08, 2021, 04:05:00 pm

Probably sysfs is not mounted. Try:

it's mounted, but it doesn't export all one expects to find

Code: [Select]

ls /sys/class/input/event1/device/
bus/          driver/       input:input1/ modalias      power/        subsystem/    uevent

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: DiTBho on January 08, 2021, 05:05:40 pm

Quote from: Nominal Animal on January 08, 2021, 12:59:58 pm

TI ADS7846

Confirmed! I opened the LCD, I read "ADS7846" on the top of chip :-+

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: Nominal Animal on January 08, 2021, 08:10:23 pm

Waitaminute.

Latest kernels do have arch/arm/mach-pxa/corgi.c (https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source/arch/arm/mach-pxa/corgi.c), which is enabled by CONFIG_PXA_SHARPSL=y and CONFIG_MACH_CORGI=y. The backlight is enabled by CONFIG_LCD_CORGI=y. The battery is enabled by CONFIG_SENSORS_MAX1111. The touch controller is enabled by CONFIG_TOUCHSCREEN_ADS7846=y. Are you sure the latest kernels do not work? As I see it, you just need to construct a completely different kernel configuration, one that produces these. The MAX1111, LCD backlight, and ADS7846 all "connect" via the correct SPI master names, so this should Just Work; you don't even need a device tree blob.

If true, and you could run latest kernels, it would be near-trivial to add calibration and/or filtering and a small number of virtual buttons to the ADS7846.

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: DiTBho on January 08, 2021, 08:47:53 pm

Quote from: Nominal Animal on January 08, 2021, 08:10:23 pm

Are you sure the latest kernels do not work?

The PDA looks a modified clone of a commercial product, this mean nothing does work without specific patches. I haven't yet received sources, but the previous owner has already told me that there are a lot of patches applied to vanilla, and without them nothing does work.

At the moment, I am fixing stuff with the rootfs, which is 14 years old and needs some update. For instance "wget" is not able to download any file from any modern Webserver because it doesn't support SSL and this stuff. This clearly needs to be fixed before thinking anything else :D

The TS is working enough good for an SDL- raw application, which will be the 90% of my usage with this PDA.

(kind of Kindle eBook reader, but homemade)

What I really need is a TS-daemon, in the way you described above.

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: Nominal Animal on January 08, 2021, 09:47:50 pm

Quote from: DiTBho on January 08, 2021, 08:47:53 pm

The PDA looks a modified clone of a commercial product, this mean nothing does work without specific patches. I haven't yet received sources, but the previous owner has already told me that there are a lot of patches applied to vanilla, and without them nothing does work.

Oh, okay.

It doesn't look like it has any graphics acceleration, either, just a 640x480 framebuffer that supports 1, 2, 4, and 8-bit indexed color, and 16-bit true color (5 low bits blue, 6 middle bits green, 5 high bits red). Writing your own tiny framebuffer functions (that use around a megabyte of RAM for the image buffering), you can get better results than with SDL, as you can make the drawing operations not only update the scribble surface, but also the framebuffer itself at the same time. An erase operation clears scribble surface data to transparent, and reverts framebuffer contents to that of the image. With libpng, you can load and save PNG images natively.

Quote from: DiTBho on January 08, 2021, 08:47:53 pm

What I really need is a TS-daemon, in the way you described above.

Do you need a skeleton to get started? This laptop has a touchpad and a nipple, so it wouldn't be difficult to whip one up.

Eehh... by "nipple" I mean "pointing stick", and by "whip one up" I am referring to creating a basic input-uinput translator daemon.

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: DiTBho on January 08, 2021, 10:46:37 pm

Quote from: Nominal Animal on January 08, 2021, 09:47:50 pm

Oh, okay

I have just read the previous owner's email again. He warns about problems on booting modern kernels not only due to the specific patches but also because the firmware can only loads 5Mbyte of binary.

I hadn't notice this detail when I read his email, but that means a kernel must be <= 5Mb, which was not a problem with kernels 2.4, not a problem with early kernels 2.6, but it's definitively a problem with kernels 4 and 5, which tend to be fat and you need to strip down everything in order to reduce the final size. It's rather annoying, and now I understand why he used an old 2.6.23 kernel.

2.6.23 can't mount modern glibc-rootfs, chroot claims "too old kernel" and refuses to continue.
The only option here seems a "uclibc-rootfs" or a "MUSL-rootfs", but I am not sure if it's a good idea.

I will think about it later, at the moment I have a fully working crossbuilder(1) aligned with the 2007 rootfs I have, so I can selectively recompile and update only the stuff I need.

For example, today it cost me two hours to setup the crossbuilder, but "wget" has just been compiled and uploaded to the target, and now it can download from HTTPS urls, and I no more see this:

Code: [Select]

OpenSSL: error:14077410:SSL routines:SSL23_GET_SERVER_HELLO:sslv3 alert handshake failure
Unable to establish SSL connection.

Not a clean solution, but it's practically fine ;D

(1)

host=i686-pc-linux-gnu
target=armv5tel-softfloat-linux-gnueabi

Quote from: Nominal Animal on January 08, 2021, 09:47:50 pm

Writing your own tiny framebuffer functions

Yup, there is no 2D accelerator, there is just a simple framebuffer. Yesterday, I partially wrote something similar. LCD_Pixel_Set(x,y,color) is already working. All the rest still needs to be written, but hey? That function is the most important graphic primitive :D

Quote from: Nominal Animal on January 08, 2021, 09:47:50 pm

With libpng, you can load and save PNG images natively.

Great idea!

I have already compiled and installed this (http://www.libpng.org) one (Portable Network Graphics library, official website) as "static library", and I can link its binary with my wild application.

Quote from: DiTBho on January 08, 2021, 08:47:53 pm

Do you need a skeleton to get started?

Yes, please. I have never written anything similar.

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: Nominal Animal on January 09, 2021, 06:49:45 am

Quote from: DiTBho on January 08, 2021, 10:46:37 pm

Yup, there is no 2D accelerator, there is just a simple framebuffer. Yesterday, I partially wrote something similar. LCD_Pixel_Set(x,y,color) is already working. All the rest still needs to be written, but hey? That function is the most important graphic primitive :D

Right. Since the two image buffers reside in RAM, having the underlying image with the same pixel format as the framebuffer makes things easier. The overlay, however, could be 8 or even 4 bit indexed color, saving memory. A scribble_putpixel(x,y,color) will modify the scribble buffer, and update the framebuffer too. You'll eventually implement a scribble_line(x0,y0,x1,y1,color), I bet; a trick with the 4 bit indexed color in the pairwise direction is to do two step iterations in each loop iteration (and thus update either 2 or 4 pixels in the framebuffer), except for an initial odd pixel and/or a final odd pixel that you handle separately. In the nonpairwise direction, there is no special magic needed to be efficient.

Quote from: DiTBho on January 08, 2021, 10:46:37 pm

Yes, please. I have never written anything similar.

Already wrote the initial part, until some lint or something got underneath my dash and up keys on my laptop keyboard, and now they don't work. Neither vacuum nor pressured air seems to dislodge it. >:(
I'll post the example daemon and Makefile here as soon as I get this keyboard working again, and the rest of the daemon written!

Title: Re: SDL & touchscreen on Linux, why do I get rotated coordinates (x,y)?
Post by: Nominal Animal on January 09, 2021, 02:45:57 pm

Here goes. First, a Makefile to tie all together:

Code: [Select]

CC      := gcc
CFLAGS  := -Wall -Wextra -O2
LDFLAGS := -lm
PROGS   := event-pup

.PHONY: all clean

all: $(PROGS)

clean:
	rm -f $(PROGS) known-keys.h

known-keys.h:
	./generate-known-keys

pup.c: known-keys.h

event-pup: pup.c
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $^ $(LDFLAGS) -o $@

If you have issues copy-pasting the tab indentation, run sed -e 's|^ |\t| -i Makefile to fix.

For the virtual buttons, we want to be able to use the key names. To generate the name-to-KEY_ code array, we use a script, generate-known-keys:

Code: [Select]

#!/bin/sh
rm -f known-keys.h
(
    printf '#ifndef   KNOWN_KEYS_H\n'
    printf '#define   KNOWN_KEYS_H\n'
    printf '#include <stdint.h>\n'
    printf '#include <linux/input.h>\n'
    printf '\n'
    printf 'static const struct {\n'
    printf '    const char *const    name;\n'
    printf '    const uint_fast16_t  code;\n'
    printf '} known_keys[] = {\n'
    gcc -E -dM /usr/include/linux/input.h | awk '$1 == "#define" && $2 ~ /^KEY_/ { printf "    { .name = %-19s .code = %s },\n", "\"" substr($2, 5) "\",", $2 }' | sort -u
    printf '    { .name = NULL, .code = 0 }\n'
    printf '};\n'
    printf '\n'
    printf '#endif /* KNOWN_KEYS_H */\n'
) > known-keys.h

When run, it generates a header file known-keys.h.

Finally, the daemon itself, pup.c:

Code: [Select]

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL3

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <linux/uinput.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "known-keys.h"

#ifndef  USB_VENDOR
#define  USB_VENDOR   0xDEAD
#endif
#ifndef  USB_PRODUCT
#define  USB_PRODUCT  0xBEEF
#endif
#ifndef  USB_VERSION
#define  USB_VERSION  0
#endif
#ifndef  USB_NAME
#define  USB_NAME     "Puppers"
#endif

#ifndef  X_MIN
#define  X_MIN  0
#endif
#ifndef  X_MAX
#define  X_MAX  2047
#endif
#ifndef  Y_MIN
#define  Y_MIN  0
#endif
#ifndef  Y_MAX
#define  Y_MAX  2047
#endif
#ifndef  P_MIN
#define  P_MIN  0
#endif
#ifndef  P_MAX
#define  P_MAX  1023
#endif

/*
 * USB vendor:product the synthesized event device will appear as
*/

#if  UINPUT_VERSION >= 5

static struct uinput_setup  device = {
    .id   = { .bustype = BUS_USB,
              .vendor  = USB_VENDOR,
              .product = USB_PRODUCT,
              .version = USB_VERSION },
    .name = USB_NAME,
};

#else

static struct uinput_user_dev  device = {
    .id   = { .bustype = BUS_USB,
              .vendor  = USB_VENDOR,
              .product = USB_PRODUCT,
              .version = USB_VERSION },
    .name = USB_NAME,
};

#endif

/*
 * Absolute axes
*/

static struct input_absinfo  x_axis = { .value   = X_MIN + (X_MAX - X_MIN)/2,
                                        .minimum = X_MIN,
                                        .maximum = X_MAX,
                                        .fuzz    = 0,
                                        .flat    = 0,
                                        .resolution = 15,
                                      };
static struct input_absinfo  y_axis = { .value   = Y_MIN + (Y_MAX - Y_MIN)/2,
                                        .minimum = Y_MIN,
                                        .maximum = Y_MAX,
                                        .fuzz    = 0,
                                        .flat    = 0,
                                        .resolution = 15,
                                      };
static struct input_absinfo  p_axis = { .value   = P_MIN + (P_MAX - P_MIN)/2,
                                        .minimum = P_MIN,
                                        .maximum = P_MAX,
                                        .fuzz    = 0,
                                        .flat    = 0,
                                        .resolution = 0,
                                      };

/*
 * Coordinate transformation matrix in Q15.16 format
*/

static int_fast32_t  transform[6] = { 65536,0,0,  0,65536,0 };  /* Identity transform, { 1.0,0.0,0.0, 0.0,1.0,0.0 } */

static inline int_fast32_t  transform_x(const int_fast32_t  x, const int_fast32_t  y)
{
    return ( (int_fast64_t)x * (int_fast64_t)transform[0] +
             (int_fast64_t)y * (int_fast64_t)transform[1] +
                               (int_fast64_t)transform[2] ) / 65536;
}

static inline int_fast32_t  transform_y(const int_fast64_t  x, const int_fast64_t  y)
{
    return ( (int_fast64_t)x * (int_fast64_t)transform[3] +
             (int_fast64_t)y * (int_fast64_t)transform[4] +
                               (int_fast64_t)transform[5] ) / 65536;
}

/*
 * Virtual button descriptions - in untransformed coordinates
*/

struct vbutton {
    int_fast32_t    xmin;
    int_fast32_t    ymin;
    int_fast32_t    xmax;
    int_fast32_t    ymax;
    uint_fast16_t   code;
    uint_fast16_t   state;
};

static size_t          vbuttons_max = 0;
static size_t          vbuttons     = 0;
static struct vbutton *vbutton      = NULL;

/*
 * Signal handler for basic INT/HUP/TERM support
*/

static volatile sig_atomic_t  done;

static void handle_done(int signum)
{
    done = signum;
}

static int install_done(int signum)
{
    struct sigaction  act;
    memset(&act, 0, sizeof act);
    sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
    act.sa_handler = handle_done;
    act.sa_flags = 0;  /* We do not want SA_RESTART; we want the EINTR errors at signal delivery. */
    if (sigaction(signum, &act, NULL) == -1)
        return errno;
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Parsing command-line options
*/

static int  parse_usb_name(const char *src)
{
    const size_t  src_len = (src) ? strlen(src) : 0;

    if (src_len < 1 || src_len > sizeof device.name)
        return EINVAL;

    memset(device.name, 0, sizeof device.name);
    memcpy(device.name, src, src_len);
    return 0;
}


static int  parse_usb_vendor_product(const char *src)
{
    const char    *end;
    unsigned long  vendor, product;

    if (!src || !*src)
        return EINVAL;

    end = src;
    errno = 0;
    vendor = strtoul(src, (char **)(&end), 16);  /* Always in hex! */
    if (errno)
        return errno;
    if (src == end || vendor > 0xFFFFF)
        return EINVAL;

    /* Skip whitespace and colon. */
    end += strspn(end, "\t\n\v\f\r :");

    src = end;
    errno = 0;
    product = strtoul(src, (char **)(&end), 16);  /* Always in hex! */
    if (errno)
        return errno;
    if (src == end || product > 0xFFFF)
        return EINVAL;

    /* Skip trailing whitespace, so we can check for trailing garbage. */
    end += strspn(end, "\t\n\v\f\r ");

    if (*end)
        return EINVAL;

    device.id.vendor  = vendor;
    device.id.product = product;
    return 0;
}


static int  parse_transform(const char *src)
{
    const char  *end = src;
    double       value[6];
    int          arg;

    if (!src || !*src)
        return EINVAL;

    for (arg = 0; arg < 6; arg++) {

        /* Skip leading whitespace and separators. */
        end += strspn(end, "\t\n\v\f\r ,/:");
        src = end;

        /* Parse floating-point coefficient. */
        errno = 0;
        value[arg] = strtod(src, (char **)(&end));
        if (errno)
            return errno;
        if (src == end)
            return EINVAL;

        /* Scale to fixed point. */
        value[arg] = round(value[arg] / 65536.0);
        if (value[arg] < (double)INT32_MIN || value[arg] > (double)INT32_MAX)
            return ERANGE;
    }

    /* Skip trailing whitespace. */
    end += strspn(end, "\t\n\v\f\r ");

    /* Garbage at end of string? */
    if (*end)
        return EINVAL;

    for (arg = 0; arg < 6; arg++)
        transform[arg] = value[arg];

    return 0;
}

static int parse_vbutton(const char *src)
{
    const char *end = NULL;
    long        value[4];

    if (!src || !*src)
        return EINVAL;

    if (vbuttons >= vbuttons_max) {
        const size_t  temp_max = (vbuttons | 15) + 13;
        void         *temp;

        temp = realloc(vbutton, temp_max * sizeof vbutton[0]);
        if (!temp)
            return ENOMEM;

        vbuttons_max = temp_max;
        vbutton      = temp;
    }

    /* Initialize to never-matching values. */
    vbutton[vbuttons].xmin =  256;
    vbutton[vbuttons].xmax = -256;
    vbutton[vbuttons].ymin =  256;
    vbutton[vbuttons].ymax = -256;
    vbutton[vbuttons].code =    0;
    vbutton[vbuttons].state =   0;

    /* Skip leading whitespace. */
    src += strspn(src, "\t\n\v\f\r ");

    /* Find length of key code. */
    const size_t  len = strcspn(src, "\t\n\v\f\r ,/:");
    if (len < 1 || !src[len])
        return EINVAL;

    end = src + len;

    /* Temporary copy of the name only. */
    char *name = strndup(src, len);
    if (!name)
        return ENOMEM;

    for (size_t  k = 0; known_keys[k].name != NULL; k++)
        if (!strcmp(name, known_keys[k].name)) {
            vbutton[vbuttons].code = known_keys[k].code;
            name = NULL;
            break;
        }
    if (name) {
        free(name);
        return ENOENT;
    }

    for (size_t  i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        /* Skip leading whitespace and separators. */
        end += strspn(end, "\t\n\v\f\r ,/:");
        src = end;

        errno = 0;
        value[i] = strtol(src, (char **)(&end), 0);
        if (errno)
            return errno;
        if (src == end)
            return EINVAL;
        if (value[i] < INT32_MIN || value[i] > INT32_MAX)
            return ERANGE;
    }

    end += strspn(end, "\t\n\v\f\r ");
    if (*end)
        return EINVAL;

    if (value[0] > value[2] || value[1] > value[3])
        return ERANGE;

    vbutton[vbuttons].xmin = value[0];
    vbutton[vbuttons].ymin = value[1];
    vbutton[vbuttons].xmax = value[2];
    vbutton[vbuttons].ymax = value[3];

    vbuttons++;
    return 0;
}

static int parse_axis(const char *src, struct input_absinfo *to)
{
    const char  *end;
    long         minval, maxval, fuzzval=0;

    if (!src || !*src)
        return EINVAL;

    end = src;
    errno = 0;
    minval = strtol(src, (char **)(&end), 0);
    if (errno)
        return errno;
    if (end == src)
        return EINVAL;
    if (minval < INT32_MIN || minval > INT32_MAX)
        return ERANGE;

    end += strspn(end, "\t\n\v\f\r ,/:");

    src = end;
    errno = 0;
    maxval = strtol(src, (char **)(&end), 0);
    if (errno)
        return errno;
    if (end == src)
        return EINVAL;
    if (maxval < minval || maxval > INT32_MAX)
        return ERANGE;

    end += strspn(end, "\t\n\v\f\r ,/:");

    if (*end) {

        src = end;
        errno = 0;
        fuzzval = strtol(src, (char **)(&end), 0);
        if (errno)
            return errno;
        if (end == src)
            return EINVAL;
        if (fuzzval < 0 || fuzzval > INT32_MAX)
            return ERANGE;

        end += strspn(end, "\t\n\v\f\r ");
    }

    if (*end)
        return ERANGE;

    if (to) {
        to->value = minval + (maxval - minval)/2;
        to->minimum = minval;
        to->maximum = maxval;
        to->fuzz = fuzzval;
        to->flat = 0;
    }
    return 0;
}


static int usage(const char *arg0)
{
    printf("\n");
    printf("Usage: %s -h | --help\n", arg0);
    printf("       %s -L\n", arg0);
    printf("       %s [ OPTIONS ] SOURCE-INPUT-EVENT-DEVICE-PATH\n", arg0);
    printf("Options:\n");
    printf("       -n NAME                New event device description,\n");
    printf("                              default is %s\n", USB_NAME);
    printf("       -u VVVV:PPPP           New event device USB vendor and product,\n");
    printf("                              default %04X:%04X\n", USB_VENDOR, USB_PRODUCT);
    printf("       -t XX:XY:X0:YX:YY:Y0   Coordinate transformation matrix,\n");
    printf("                              default 1:0:0:0:1:0 (no change)\n");
    printf("       -k KEY:x0:y0:x1:y1     Specify a virtual button in untransformed coordinates,\n");
    printf("                              that when touched, generates keypress KEY.\n");
    printf("       -x MIN:MAX[:FUZZ]      Reported transformed X coordinate range,\n");
    printf("                              default %d:%d\n", X_MIN, X_MAX);
    printf("       -y MIN:MAX[:FUZZ]      Reported transformed Y coordinate range,\n");
    printf("                              default %d:%d\n", Y_MIN, Y_MAX);
    printf("       -p MIN:MAX[:FUZZ]      Reported pressure range,\n");
    printf("                              default %d:%d\n", P_MIN, P_MAX);
    printf("\n");
    printf("The -L option lists all known keycode names you can use for virtual buttons.\n");
    printf("Fuzz is the amount of noise in the coordinates filtered out by the kernel.\n");
    printf("\n");
    printf("This is a daemon process, that grabs the specified touchpad input event device,\n");
    printf("and provides transformed and filtered events as a new event device.\n");
    printf("\n");
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

/*
 * Buffer of generated events
*/

#ifndef  MAX_EVENTS_OUT
#define  MAX_EVENTS_OUT  32
#endif

static struct input_event  outev[MAX_EVENTS_OUT+1];
static size_t              outevs = 0;

static int outev_flush(const int outfd)
{
    /* If nothing to flush, we're done. */
    if (!outevs)
        return 0;

    /* Make sure we won't overflow our buffer. */
    if (outevs > MAX_EVENTS_OUT)
        outevs = MAX_EVENTS_OUT;

    /* The final event is always a SYN report; we copy the initial event time. */
    outev[outevs].time = outev[0].time;
    outev[outevs].type = EV_SYN;
    outev[outevs].code = SYN_REPORT;
    outev[outevs].value = 0;

    {
        const char *const q = (const char *)(outev + outevs + 1);
        const char       *p = (const char *)(outev);

        while (p < q) {
            ssize_t  n = write(outfd, p, (size_t)(q - p));
            if (n > 0)
                p += n;
            else
            if (n != -1)
                return errno = EIO;
            else
            if (errno != EINTR)
                return errno;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

static inline int  emit(const int type, const int code, const int value)
{
    if (outevs >= MAX_EVENTS_OUT)
        return ENOMEM;

    outev[outevs].time = outev[0].time;
    outev[outevs].type = type;
    outev[outevs].code = code;
    outev[outevs].value = value;
    outevs++;

    return 0;
}


/* When event() is called, it is time to emit updates.
 * If we received a new value for BTN_TOUCH/ABS_X/ABS_Y/ABS_PRESSURE,
 * the corresponding ev_ will be nonzero, otherwise zero.
 * The current source input event device properties are in curr_,
 * and for convenience, the previous in prev_.
 * These are all maintained automatically.
*/
static int  curr_touch = 0,    prev_touch = 0,    ev_touch = 0;
static int  curr_x = 0,        prev_x = 0,        ev_x = 0;
static int  curr_y = 0,        prev_y = 0,        ev_y = 0;
static int  curr_pressure = 0, prev_pressure = 0, ev_pressure = 0;

static inline void  event(void)
{
    /* Virtual buttons are only checked when touch state changes. */
    if (ev_touch) {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < vbuttons; i++)
            if (curr_x >= vbutton[i].xmin && curr_x <= vbutton[i].xmax &&
                curr_y >= vbutton[i].ymin && curr_y <= vbutton[i].ymax) {
                if (curr_touch && !vbutton[i].state) {
                    /* Key press event. */
                    emit(EV_KEY, vbutton[i].code, curr_touch);
                    vbutton[i].state = curr_touch;
                    /* We consumed this one, so it wasn't really a touch. */
                    curr_touch = 0;
                    /* Any movement of the stylus is a hover-finger, not a proper touch. */
                    emit(EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, 0);
                    return;
                }
                if (!curr_touch && vbutton[i].state) {
                    /* Key release event. */
                    vbutton[i].state = curr_touch;
                    emit(EV_KEY, vbutton[i].code, curr_touch);
                    return;
                }
            }
        /* If touch removed, emit key release event. */
        if (!curr_touch)
            for (size_t i = 0; i < vbuttons; i++)
                if (vbutton[i].state) {
                    emit(EV_KEY, vbutton[i].code, 0);
                    vbutton[i].state = 0;
                }
    }

    /* If touch state has changed, we want to emit that first. */
    if (ev_touch)
        emit(EV_KEY, BTN_TOUCH, curr_touch);

    /* If we have pressure, we emit that. */
    if (ev_pressure)
        emit(EV_ABS, ABS_PRESSURE, curr_pressure);

    /* If we have new coordinates, we transform and emit those. */
    if (ev_x || ev_y) {
        emit(EV_ABS, ABS_X, transform_x(curr_x, curr_y));
        emit(EV_ABS, ABS_Y, transform_y(curr_x, curr_y));
    }
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    const char  *arg0 = (argc > 0 && argv && argv[0] && argv[0][0]) ? argv[0] : "(this)";
    const char  *srcdev = NULL;
    int          opt, infd, outfd;

    while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "hLn:u:t:k:x:y:-")) != -1) {
        switch (opt) {

        case 'h':
            return usage(arg0);

        case 'L':
            for (int i = 0;  known_keys[i].name != NULL; i++)
                printf("    %s\n", known_keys[i].name);
            return EXIT_SUCCESS;

        case 'n':
            if (parse_usb_name(optarg)) {
                printf("%s: Invalid device name/description.\n", optarg);
                return EXIT_FAILURE;
            }
            break;

        case 'u':
            if (parse_usb_vendor_product(optarg)) {
                printf("%s: Invalid USB vendor:product string.\n", optarg);
                return EXIT_FAILURE;
            }
            break;

        case 't':
            if (parse_transform(optarg)) {
                printf("%s: Invalid transformation matrix.\n", optarg);
                return EXIT_FAILURE;
            }
            break;

        case 'k':
            if (parse_vbutton(optarg)) {
                printf("%s: Invalid virtual button specification.\n", optarg);
                return EXIT_FAILURE;
            }
            break;

        case 'x':
            if (parse_axis(optarg, &x_axis)) {
                printf("%s: Invalid X coordinate range.\n", optarg);
                return EXIT_FAILURE;
            }
            break;

        case 'y':
            if (parse_axis(optarg, &y_axis)) {
                printf("%s: Invalid Y coordinate range.\n", optarg);
                return EXIT_FAILURE;
            }
            break;

        case 'p':
            if (parse_axis(optarg, &p_axis)) {
                printf("%s: Invalid pressure coordinate range.\n", optarg);
                return EXIT_FAILURE;
            }
            break;

        case '?':
            /* getopt() has already printed an error message. */
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
    }

    for (int i = optind; i < argc; i++)
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--help"))
            return usage(arg0);

    if (optind < argc - 1) {
        printf("%s: Unknown argument.\n", argv[optind + 1]);
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    if (optind >= argc) {
        printf("Source input event device path not specified.\n");
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    srcdev = argv[optind];

    if (install_done(SIGINT) ||
        install_done(SIGHUP) ||
        install_done(SIGTERM)) {
        printf("Cannot install signal handlers: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    /* Open and grab the source input event device. */
    do {
        infd = open(srcdev, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
    } while (infd == -1 && errno == EINTR);
    if (infd == -1) {
        printf("%s: Cannot open input event device: %s.\n", srcdev, strerror(errno));
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    if (ioctl(infd, EVIOCGRAB, 1) == -1) {
        printf("%s: Cannot grab input event device: %s.\n", srcdev, strerror(errno));
        close(infd);
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    /* Construct the synthetic input event device. */
    do {
        outfd = open("/dev/uinput", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
    } while (outfd == -1 && errno == EINTR);
    if (outfd == -1) {
        printf("Cannot open uinput device: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
        /* Remember to release and close the input event device, too. */
        ioctl(infd, EVIOCGRAB, 0);
        close(infd);
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    /* Register possible events this device may generate. */
    ioctl(outfd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_KEY);
    ioctl(outfd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_TOUCH);
    ioctl(outfd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_ABS);
    ioctl(outfd, UI_SET_ABSBIT, ABS_X);
    ioctl(outfd, UI_SET_ABSBIT, ABS_Y);
    ioctl(outfd, UI_SET_ABSBIT, ABS_PRESSURE);
    if (vbuttons > 0) {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < vbuttons; i++)
            ioctl(outfd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, vbutton[i].code);
    }

    /* Create the device. */
#if UINPUT_VERSION >= 5

    /* New uinput interface */
    {
        struct uinput_abs_setup  axis_setup[3] = {
            { .code = ABS_X, .absinfo = x_axis },
            { .code = ABS_Y, .absinfo = y_axis },
            { .code = ABS_PRESSURE, .absinfo = p_axis }
        };
        const char *const axis_name[3] = { "X", "Y", "pressure" };
        for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            if (ioctl(outfd, UI_ABS_SETUP, axis_setup + i) == -1) {
                printf("Failed to set up device %s axis: %s.\n",
                       axis_name[i], strerror(errno));
                ioctl(infd, EVIOCGRAB, 0);
                close(infd);
                close(outfd);
                return EXIT_FAILURE;
            }
        }
    }
    if (ioctl(outfd, UI_DEV_SETUP, &device) == -1) {
        printf("Cannot set up uinput device: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
        ioctl(infd, EVIOCGRAB, 0);
        close(infd);
        close(outfd);
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

#else

    /* Old uinput interface. */
    {
        ssize_t  n;

        do {
            n = write(outfd, &device, sizeof device);
        } while (n == -1 && errno == EINTR);
        if (n == -1) {
            printf("Cannot set up uinput device: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
            ioctl(infd, EVIOCGRAB, 0);
            close(infd);
            close(outfd);
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        } else
        if (n != (ssize_t)sizeof device) {
            printf("I/O error setting up uinput device.\n");
            ioctl(infd, EVIOCGRAB, 0);
            close(infd);
            close(outfd);
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
    }

#endif

    if (ioctl(outfd, UI_DEV_CREATE) == -1) {
        printf("Cannot create uinput device: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
        ioctl(infd, EVIOCGRAB, 0);
        close(infd);
        close(outfd);
    }

    while (!done) {
        struct input_event  evbuff[32];
        ssize_t  n = read(infd, evbuff, sizeof evbuff);
        if (n > 0) {
            struct input_event *const  evend = evbuff + (size_t)n / sizeof evbuff[0];
            for (struct input_event *ev = evbuff; ev < evend; ev++) {
                if (ev->type == EV_SYN && (ev->code == SYN_REPORT || ev->code == SYN_DROPPED)) {
                    outev[0].time = ev->time;
                    outevs = 0;
                    event();
                    outev_flush(outfd);
                    prev_touch = curr_touch;
                    prev_x = curr_x;
                    prev_y = curr_y;
                    prev_pressure = curr_pressure;
                    ev_touch = 0;
                    ev_x = 0;
                    ev_y = 0;
                    ev_pressure = 0;
                } else
                if (ev->type == EV_KEY && ev->code == BTN_TOUCH) {
                    curr_touch = ev->value;
                    ev_touch = 1;
                } else
                if (ev->type == EV_ABS) {
                    if (ev->code == ABS_X) {
                        curr_x = ev->value;
                        ev_x = 1;
                    } else
                    if (ev->code == ABS_Y) {
                        curr_y = ev->value;
                        ev_y = 1;
                    } else
                    if (ev->code == ABS_PRESSURE) {
                        curr_pressure = ev->value;
                        ev_pressure = 1;
                    }
                }
            }
        } else
        if (n != (ssize_t)-1) {
            printf("Warning: Read a partial event (%zd bytes) from %s.\n", n, srcdev);
        } else
        if (errno != EINTR) {
            printf("Warning: Error reading events from %s: %s.\n", srcdev, strerror(errno));
        }
    }

    /* Release the source input event device, and close it. */
    ioctl(infd, EVIOCGRAB, 0);
    close(infd);

    /* Destroy our synthetic device. */
    ioctl(outfd, UI_DEV_DESTROY);
    close(outfd);

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

The idea is that we read events from the source input event device, until we get a SYN_REPORT or SYN_DROPPED event. We treat all other events as just changing properies – like the X coordinate where the touch might be right now (ABS_X) –, and the actual "event" to occur at SYN_REPORT/SYN_DROPPED.
I stuck all the emitting of the synthetic events into the event() function.
The loop in main will read events, update the curr_ and ev_ global variables, and flush the output events (including the final SYN_REPORT), so event() can concentrate on what to do.

If a finger or stylus touches the panel within one of the virtual button rectangles (in raw, untransformed coordinates), the touch event is converted into a keypress event. When the finger or stylus raises from the panel, the corresponding key release event is emitted.

(Because the key press event clears curr_touch to zero, no BTN_TOUCH events will be generated for such virtual button presses. The input event subsystem will still report the location of a moving finger or stylus, but with BTN_TOUCH 0 (finger/stylus raised). This way, a finger/stylus wandering off from the button will be reported as hovering finger movement, but the button will stay pressed, until the finger/stylus actually lifts.)

As to filtering/smoothing jitter, I decided to see if using fuzz would suffice.

Basically, any movement within half-a-fuzz will be filtered out by the kernel itself. Movement between half a fuzz and a full fuzz will be averaged, and movement further than fuzz will be taken as-is. So, maybe it suffices to set your fuzz to somewhere around 8?

Now, this really is just a skeleton, a first write of this, and can definitely be improved a lot in many, many ways; and slimmed down in others. But, it should work on both older kernels (although I didn't test it; the uinput device interface has changed since 2.6.23) and on current kernels. At least I could happily test it with my laptop touchpad, and see the generated events using evtest, including the keypresses.

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