I don’t know if transformer steel is the same or not (google is telling me it is probably silicon steel) but for a lot of other steels you can polish it up then dip it in ferric chloride to see the grains.
The ferric chloride eats the different alloys / components of the steel at different rates.
That said, the grains of a lot of steels can be absolutely tiny so not sure if you will be able to see them well with the naked eye or not

Edit: derp, you already identified it as silicon steel

Sorry, not sure how I missed that
