I wonder if you can just tunnel the audio data through normal UDP packets, using normal Ethernet infrastructure?
The STM32F107 came into my mind, as it have (R)MII and I2S support. You can program the MCU to handle the ADAT packets as-is, tunneling it through UDP/IP by slapping UDP, IP and Ethernet headers onto it. On the other hand you can use an ADAT to I2S interface to take the raw audio stream and package it into RTP/RTSP, maybe throw in some lossless encoding like FLAC or ALAC for easier computer consumption.