Those LT1372 chips are quite expensive... as most LT parts are.
There's Rohm BD81870 for example, 2.5$ for one piece, dual output switching regulator, one output is step up, the other is inverting :
https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/rohm-semiconductor/BD81870EFV-ME2/8028007Datasheet has 3.6v input, 6.2v at 200mA, -6.2v at 200mA example circuit at page 19 :
https://fscdn.rohm.com/en/products/databook/datasheet/ic/power/switching_regulator_system/bd81870efv-m-e.pdfWith 5v input, you'd probably get close to +/- 9v at 200-250mA, I'm not sure, go through the datasheet and see what limitations are there.
There's also a cheaper BD8316GWL-E2 :
https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/rohm-semiconductor/BD8316GWL-E2/4625662 - datasheet shows example circuit that does 2.5v - 5.5v to +/- 5.6v 200mA
A cheap *34063 chip would also do the job of inverting, but no idea if the usb port can supply enough current to have both 12v and -12v at up to 250mA. It won't do 250mA out inverting 5v to -12v, but 150mA would be possible.
For -5v, there's charge pump regulators that can invert the usb input, up to around 100mA they're cheap, around 1$ :
https://www.digikey.com/short/pdrcr3q3EDIT : There's also much more efficient regulators compared to that MT3608 ... that one's only plus is that it's cheap.
For example MP3437 from MPS will get to 95% efficiency (datasheet shows example of 8v out up to more than 2A) :
https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/monolithic-power-systems-inc/MP3437GJ-Z/18088579MP3435 is even cheaper and example even shows boosting to 12v :
https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/monolithic-power-systems-inc/MP3435GL-Z/16639901and loads of other chips...
