The datasheet provides details on the hardware, but it is a ROM device, its "firmware" is fixed (some devices load firmware from external flash), and the most common form does not use the UART. Applications that use this device and use the UART have customized ROM, but I have yet to see one of those available as a module. Maybe try and find an existing product that has caller ID functionality, and uses this device? There may be UART functionality on the newer CSRA64215 but I do not know if this involves caller ID.