Hi Remon,
Uhm... You wil NOT get this stable!
Look @ your schematic, how many poles thit you create?
1e 10K+100nF opamp A=5.41, 2ecurent set opamp 1uF+10K, 3e BC547+100-Ohm+22uF.
Your disign is NOT nice to its load...
Think about this, set the current to 25mA and your Voltage is 12V.
You want to test a LED, connect the LED now to your powersupply and its gone
Wat happend? 1e the charge from de 22uF output capacitor is dumpt in your LED and afther that your LT3083 is pomping 10A in your LED!!!
It wil take about 0.1 a.2 Sec to get stable, bey, bey LED. PIC Arduino enz.
It wil get even wors if you use the recomended output capacitor on de LT1083, ~150uF Low ESR.
Sorry, there is in my opinion no solution for kindness to the load and stability in your design.
If you wanth a good design use the HP/Harison desing from de late 50
A lot of powersuply builders use this design, old but stil very capable.
Take a look @ this topic:
http://www.circuitsonline.net/forum/view/110029/1It is in Dutch, but i think you can read it...
Kind regarts,
Blackdog