Electronics > Projects, Designs, and Technical Stuff
High voltage safety and design considerations
Zero999:
I agree, there really isn't anything wrong with the original circuit. It will work. The disadvantages are the very high voltage supply and expensive op-amp.
I've analysed the Howland current pump again and realised it can be bootstrapped using zener diodes. If the gain is low (0.1 in this case) the input voltages remain within a jelly bean op-amp's common mode range.
The only problem this any the circuit I previously posted is there will be some crossover distortion, as the discrete inverting amplifier is class B, but that's just a matter of biasing if it's an issue, although this isn't for an audio applications, do the distortion is probably a non-issue.
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