FYI:
(I'm going to start copy and pasting this, since it probably can't be repeated enough!)
Ferrite beads are rarely suitable for their claimed purposes. The problem is they don't give much impedance (until very high frequencies, where they are mostly resistive anyway), and they saturate easily with DC bias. You might add a ferrite bead to a power supply connection, and have it work perfectly well at light load, but then it does nothing at higher currents. Sadly, ferrite beads are rated by thermal limit, not electrical limit, so it's impossible to tell how much current is actually reasonable.
In almost all cases, you should use an inductor instead. The inductance is higher, the peak impedance is much higher, and it will remain normal up to rated current. It's also a reminder that you are forming an LC resonant circuit, and need to dampen that circuit with losses: usually from capacitor ESR.
The best places to use ferrite beads are on signal lines, to provide modest attenuation (maybe < 10dB) of high frequency, interfering (RFI) signals. This is commonly done on signal outputs for reduced emission, signal inputs for improved susceptibility, or some internal signals for filtering or parasitic purposes (occasionally, a ferrite bead is used instead of a gate resistor, for driving MOSFETs).
So, ferrite beads not so great, but, a common mode choke including both power leads is quite reasonable (the balanced current ensures the part does not saturate due to DC current flow).
The TVS should follow the inductance, because during transients or hot-plugging, voltage drop occurs across that inductance. Following that inductance with capacitance means that, the voltage drop is probably going to swing around and become voltage overshoot, causing stress on your capacitor and attached load! Placing the TVS at the capacitor will do a fine job clamping things.
There's also the issue of: what situation are you protecting against? If automotive transients, then a TVS won't do enough (there's one elephant in the room: load dump). If it's transients from long cable runs, a TVS might again be inappropriate (you might need big MOVs or GDTs, plus a ground path!). If it's battery reversal, a unidirectional diode will do (as long as the input is fused), but a series diode might be simpler and more gentle (it doesn't blow a fuse or risk damage when reversed, it just doesn't do anything).
BTW, for hot plugging, be careful to avoid parts that are sensitive to current spikes. The most important being tantalum capacitors. A capacitor with modest ESR is probably preferable, to minimize surge current and dampen ringing: a common electrolytic does wonders.
Tim