Author Topic: Joule thief efficiency evaluations  (Read 4016 times)

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Offline schmitt triggerTopic starter

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Joule thief efficiency evaluations
« on: February 04, 2019, 05:00:29 pm »
A decade ago (yes it has been that long) I became interested in joule thieves, and their outstanding capabilities to light up LED from very low voltages.
Although the basic circuit works fine, it can be significantly improved.

To satisfy my curiosity I experimented a little, recorded my results, and wrote up a short article, to share in an online forum. Which I no longer remember which was. And I am not sure I ever shared.

Cleaning old files from my computer, I found this old file.
I am attaching it here, only FWIW and to share with whomever is interested in these circuits..

 
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Online IanB

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Re: Joule thief efficiency evaluations
« Reply #1 on: February 04, 2019, 05:41:37 pm »
Cool. That's an interesting read.
 

Offline T3sl4co1l

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Re: Joule thief efficiency evaluations
« Reply #2 on: February 04, 2019, 06:52:49 pm »
Yeah, the basic circuit is dumb and sucks.  It's an easily-built curiosity, but not practical or efficient in any meaningful way.

Note that 600kHz is way too high for a #26 core -- the #8 should be okayish though.  These are often built with ferrite beads, which is just all kinds of wrong, but, there you have it.

I made this one about five years ago,



You can basically read the circuit off the layout.  Selectable pull-up (infty, 1k, 100R) for adjustable light level.  22uF ceramic for main bypass, 1uF I think for base bypass.  I think the primary is 2 x 28 AWG in parallel.  The secondary I think is 2:3 or 1:2 ratio, so stepping up slightly.  Core is #8 (yellow/red).  There is no added resistance between the base bypass cap, secondary, and base pin.  This can be added to soften switching, but it almost always only worsens performance.  Transistor is a PBSS303NX or similar, low-Vce(sat) type, rated for several amperes.

Input current is around 1A, and output is around 1W (4V pulsed, white LED).  Forget what switching frequency is, maybe 200 or 500kHz?

I evaluated efficiency by measuring input current, and measuring output voltage and current using a schottky diode.  In that configuration I got 67%, not bad at all.

If I ever made a bigger one, none of this would be necessary; for example, my 10W flashlight is build around an 18650 cell, so little conversion is necessary.  As it happens, I chose to use series-connected LEDs, and an average-current-mode boost converter:



Tim
« Last Edit: February 04, 2019, 06:54:27 pm by T3sl4co1l »
Seven Transistor Labs, LLC
Electronic design, from concept to prototype.
Bringing a project to life?  Send me a message!
 

Offline schmitt triggerTopic starter

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Re: Joule thief efficiency evaluations
« Reply #3 on: February 04, 2019, 07:01:17 pm »
I believe that the JT's appeal is its inherent simplicity and that it just works.

Almost any magnetic material will suffice, I remember seeing a "design" out there, where a chap could not be bothered to find a proper ferrite or powder toroid, and decided to use stack of steel washers.

I am pretty sure that the efficiency sucked big time, but the LED lit up.................
 

Offline Wimberleytech

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Re: Joule thief efficiency evaluations
« Reply #4 on: February 04, 2019, 11:12:56 pm »
I believe that the JT's appeal is its inherent simplicity and that it just works.

Almost any magnetic material will suffice, I remember seeing a "design" out there, where a chap could not be bothered to find a proper ferrite or powder toroid, and decided to use stack of steel washers.

I am pretty sure that the efficiency sucked big time, but the LED lit up.................

Indeed!  I built a couple of them for fun.  Then made a 3D printed box for one...added a mercury switch and used a red led instead of white.  Why??????????

I am old.  I need a beacon to a certain room at roughly 2am.  I also like the fact that I can use batteries that have been taken out of service because they will not power respective device but still have charge in them.  My JT takes them from ~1.3 volts down to about 0.7 volts.  I am happy with that.  The problem is that batteries are clogging up the input because I am not using them up fast enough with the JT.
 

Offline mikerj

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Re: Joule thief efficiency evaluations
« Reply #5 on: February 05, 2019, 10:55:21 am »
The problem is that batteries are clogging up the input because I am not using them up fast enough with the JT.

Solution: drink more before going to bed to increase number of bathroom trips :)
 
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Offline schmitt triggerTopic starter

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Re: Joule thief efficiency evaluations
« Reply #6 on: February 05, 2019, 04:47:17 pm »
Quote from: Wimberleytech link=topic=167669.msg2177729#msg2177729 date=154932

I am old.  I need a beacon to a certain room at roughly 2am. 
[/quote

I am in the same situation  ;)
I keep stepping up on things, even the cat as she lays sprawled on the floor.

My wife jokes that we should install those "emergency exit" lighted arrows on the floor, as they do on airplanes.
 
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Online David Hess

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Re: Joule thief efficiency evaluations
« Reply #7 on: February 06, 2019, 05:15:12 pm »
Texas Instruments made a battery module for their TI-30 type calculators which replaced the standard 9 volt battery with a rechargeable AA cell and joule thief type circuit which ran continuously.  Operating time between charges was remarkably long so maybe it would be worth tracking one of these down to find out exactly what circuit they used.  I have a couple of the BP5s as shown below somewhere.

http://www.datamath.org/BP_Repair.htm
« Last Edit: February 06, 2019, 05:56:35 pm by David Hess »
 


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