Author Topic: No way of bypassing this Lasertrigger circuit - and about calculating stuff (Read 2322 times)

HendriXML · « **on:** January 12, 2019, 12:40:13 pm »

In your by lasers beams protected house of intellectual terror mission impossible Tom Cruise is comming for your very secret electronic designs. He bring his own set of lasers to satisfy the sensors, will he succeed or will it be impossible?

Not with this circuit! because it drives not one, but two resettable latches. One that signals when a laser beam is broken. One that signals that the sensor is exposed when it shouldn’t. Those states are alternatively checked by pulsing the laser beam at roughly 7 kHz.
If the beam is broken, the laser will for safety reasons shut down (it served it’s purpose anyway). This will as a side effect also trigger the other latch - I won’t remedy that. Another quirk is that it starts up being activated. Used with a micro controller a reset on both latches should remedy that.

I will search for a more suited photo diode, because the one I use has a very high impedance in exposed and non-exposed conditions. However the discrimination between the laser exposure and surrounding light exposure is very good. Measuring millivolts with high impedances and long leads make it now too sensitive for external interference. Besides that it really works well, especially using the triangle wave to disable comparisons during signal transitions.

The latches are also designed in such a way that a signal triumphs a reset.

So no one is crossing my beam

.

Any comments or suggestions?

HendriXML · « **Reply #1 on:** January 13, 2019, 11:47:25 pm »

Below I posted the calculations for this project. It uses a self-made scripting tool, which is able to define tasks. Within those tasks one can do calculations and simulations, or whatever. A task essentially produces / provides information to use either in schematics or for further calculations. The tool ensures every task is executed in the right order and only once.

Technically a task sets fields of a newly created object. Depended task can read those fields for further calculations. I always report what is "consumed" from that object. In this way it is very well documented how data travels and what is affected by what when things change.
There is also the possibility of creating asserts: states, values that you want to guard. If for example I tested a forward voltage on 20 mA, then I might want to ensure that the true current is calculated and checked against 20 mA. So when modifications alter the current, the task will fail. Giving the opportunity to do a new measurement and updating the forward voltage and current.

Creating such a script is a lot of work, but is also supports thinking in a very modular way.

The coarse dependency information NEEDS and NEEDED BY is generated, so no need to do that by hand.

In the near future I will probably upgrade the BOM scripts (https://github.com/HendriXML/KiCad-BOM-reporter) to report calculated values against schematic values.

HendriXML · « **Reply #2 on:** January 13, 2019, 11:48:49 pm »

CHOOSEN VALUES NEEDED BY Empirical values TL082 Empirical values 1N4004 Exposed sensor LED Break signal LED Laserdiode control Triangle wave voltages Virtual ground en reference voltage dividers Comparator latches PROVIDES voltVCC : 5,00 V ohmR3 : 100 kΩ ohmR6 : 47 kΩ ohmR23 : 4,7 kΩ ohmRV1 : 1 kΩ ohmRV3 : 500 Ω ampVirtGndVoltageDividerTarget: 7,00 mA voltVirtualGroundMargin : 250,00 mV DATASHEET VALUES 2N7000 NEEDED BY Laserdiode control Comparator latches PROVIDES ohmOnResistance : 6,00 Ω EMPIRICAL VALUES 2N3906 Q3 NEEDED BY Laserdiode control PROVIDES voltEC : 600,00 mV DATASHEET VALUES 2N3906 Q3 NEEDED BY Laserdiode control PROVIDES factAmplificationAt30mA : 30,00 A voltBESat : 700,00 mV DATASHEET VALUES LM339 NEEDED BY Exposed sensor LED Break signal LED Comparator latches PROVIDES voltLowlevelOutputVoltage: 150,00 mV EMPIRICAL VALUES TL082 NEEDS Choosen values NEEDED BY Virtual ground target voltage Triangle wave voltages CONSUMES Choosen values voltVCC : 5,00 V PROVIDES voltSwingToGroundNominal : 40,00 mV voltSwingToVCCNominal : 3,70 V EMPIRICAL VALUES 1N4004 NEEDS Choosen values NEEDED BY Virtual ground en reference voltage dividers CONSUMES Choosen values ampVirtGndVoltageDividerTarget: 7,00 mA PROVIDES voltForwardVoltage : 700,00 mV EMPIRICAL VALUES RED LED NEEDED BY Break signal LED PROVIDES voltForwardVoltage : 2,00 V ampForwardCurrent : 20,00 mA EMPIRICAL VALUES BLUE LED NEEDED BY Exposed sensor LED PROVIDES voltForwardVoltage : 3,40 V ampForwardCurrent : 20,00 mA EMPIRICAL VALUES LASER DIODE NEEDED BY Laserdiode control INTERMEDIATE voltVoltageDrop : 726,00 mV voltPackageVoltage : 3,00 V PROVIDES ohmSerieResistor : 33,00 Ω voltForwardVoltage : 2,27 V ampForwardCurrent : 22,00 mA EXPOSED SENSOR LED NEEDS Choosen values Empirical values blue LED Datasheet values LM339 CONSUMES Choosen values voltVCC : 5,00 V Empirical values blue LED voltForwardVoltage : 3,40 V ampForwardCurrent : 20,00 mA Datasheet values LM339 voltLowlevelOutputVoltage: 150,00 mV INTERMEDIATE voltR21 : 1,45 V ohmCalcR32 : 72,50 Ω PROVIDES ohmR32 : 75 Ω BREAK SIGNAL LED NEEDS Choosen values Empirical values red LED Datasheet values LM339 CONSUMES Choosen values voltVCC : 5,00 V Empirical values red LED voltForwardVoltage : 2,00 V ampForwardCurrent : 20,00 mA Datasheet values LM339 voltLowlevelOutputVoltage: 150,00 mV INTERMEDIATE voltR21 : 2,85 V ohmCalcR21 : 142,50 Ω PROVIDES ohmR21 : 150 Ω LASERDIODE CONTROL NEEDS Choosen values Empirical values laser diode Empirical values 2N3906 Q3 Datasheet values 2N3906 Q3 Datasheet values 2N7000 CONSUMES Choosen values voltVCC : 5,00 V ohmR23 : 4,70 kΩ Empirical values laser diode ohmSerieResistor : 33,00 Ω voltForwardVoltage : 2,27 V ampForwardCurrent : 22,00 mA Empirical values 2N3906 Q3 voltEC : 600,00 mV Datasheet values 2N3906 Q3 factAmplificationAt30mA : 30 voltBESat : 700,00 mV Datasheet values 2N7000 ohmOnResistance : 6,00 Ω INTERMEDIATE voltR4sInternal : 2,13 V ohmR4sInternal : 96,64 Ω ohmCalcR4 : 63,64 Ω ampGndBaseQ3 : 733,33 μA ampR23 : 148,94 μA ampR5 : 882,27 μA ohmR5sOnResistance : 4,87 kΩ ohmCalcR5 : 4,87 kΩ PROVIDES ohmR4 : 68 Ω ohmR5 : 4,7 kΩ VIRTUAL GROUND TARGET VOLTAGE NEEDS Empirical values TL082 NEEDED BY Triangle wave voltages Virtual ground en reference voltage dividers CONSUMES Empirical values TL082 voltSwingToGroundNominal : 40,00 mV voltSwingToVCCNominal : 3,70 V PROVIDES voltNominalValue : 1,87 V TRIANGLE WAVE VOLTAGES NEEDS Choosen values Empirical values TL082 Virtual ground target voltage NEEDED BY Virtual ground en reference voltage dividers CONSUMES Virtual ground target voltage voltNominalValue : 1,87 V Empirical values TL082 voltSwingToGroundNominal : 40,00 mV voltSwingToVCCNominal : 3,70 V Choosen values ohmR6 : 47,00 kΩ ohmR3 : 100,00 kΩ PROVIDES voltLow : 1,01 V voltHigh : 2,73 V VIRTUAL GROUND EN REFERENCE VOLTAGE DIVIDERS NEEDS Empirical values 1N4004 Choosen values Virtual ground target voltage Triangle wave voltages GOAL Determine resistance values such that: VirtGnd can be set voltVirtualGroundMargin higher or lower than the determined one with RV3 Voltage difference between RefLow - RefHigh can be set to 25% of the voltage difference between voltTriangleWaveLow and voltTriangleWaveHigh Voltage difference between RefLow - RefHigh can be set 10% higher than the voltage difference between voltTriangleWaveLow and voltTriangleWaveHigh The maximum settable voltSettableVirtGndLow should go as lease low as voltSettableVirtGndLowMax The minimal settable voltSettableVirtGndHigh should go at least as high as voltSettableVirtGndHighMin RV1 mid and RV3 mid should be optimized so that voltVirtGndCtrl matches voltVirtGndTarget Maximum current should be optimized to ampVirtGndVoltageDividerTarget CONSUMES Choosen values ampVirtGndVoltageDividerTarget: 7,00 mA voltVCC : 5,00 V ohmRV1 : 1,00 kΩ ohmRV3 : 500,00 Ω voltVirtualGroundMargin : 250,00 mV Empirical values 1N4004 voltForwardVoltage : 700,00 mV Virtual ground target voltage voltVirtGndTarget : 1,87 V Triangle wave voltages voltTriangleWaveLow : 1,01 V voltTriangleWaveHigh : 2,73 V INTERMEDIATE voltVCCMinusD3 : 4,30 V voltTriangleWaveDelta : 1,72 V voltSettableReferenceDeltaLowMax: 430,05 mV voltSettableReferenceDeltaHighMin: 1,89 V voltSettableVirtGndLowMax: 1,62 V voltSettableVirtGndHighMin: 2,12 V voltSettableVirtGndLow : 618,36 mV voltSettableVirtGndHigh : 2,25 V voltSettableRefDeltaLow : 408,01 mV voltSettableRefDeltaHigh : 1,91 V voltVirtGndMidDif : 371,54 μV ampTotMaxDif : 399,22 μA ampMaxAmp : 7,40 mA PROVIDES ohmR1 : 56 Ω ohmR2 : 1,8 kΩ ohmR12 : 1,8 kΩ ohmR13 : 56 Ω ohmR14 : 470 Ω COMPARATOR LATCHES NEEDS Choosen values Datasheet values 2N7000 Datasheet values LM339 GOAL Determine resistance values such that: When BeamBreak signal is high the latch is always low When BeamBreak signal is low, a closed switch SW1 can set the latch high When the output of U3A is high it stays high unless switch SW1 is pushed and BeamBreak signal is low Maximum current should acceptable when switch is closed and Q2 is conducting Different voltages should have good spreading CONSUMES Choosen values voltVCC : 5,00 V Datasheet values 2N7000 ohmOnResistance : 6,00 Ω Datasheet values LM339 voltLowlevelOutputVoltage: 150,00 mV OptimumDelta : 3,33294702420633 PROVIDES ohmR15 : 12 kΩ ohmR16 : 27 kΩ ohmR17 : 82 kΩ ohmR18 : 33 kΩ ohmR20 : 39 kΩ ohmR29 : 12 kΩ ohmR28 : 27 kΩ ohmR30 : 82 kΩ ohmR27 : 33 kΩ ohmR31 : 39 kΩ

Yansi · « **Reply #3 on:** January 14, 2019, 12:01:32 am »

You seem you have had just too much fun building this circuit.

BTW, most IR opto-gates are made using a double modulation. First, there is a carrier frequency (usualy couple tens of kHz), so the light can be easily distinguished from a background noise and DC component of the ambient light completely canceled out at the sensor (just narrowband AC amplifiers/filters present). Then the carrier is OOK modulated at a couple of hundred Hz.

Transmit side can be implement by a pair of oscillators (for example a couple of 555 timers), the receive side is quite simple too, when using an off-the shelf IR receiver with integrated demodulator (those obligatory 36, 38, 56kHz IR remote control receivers), the evaluating logic can then be made using a missing pulse detector and a pulse stretcher (which, quite funnily could be made also using a couple of 555 timers).

HendriXML · « **Reply #4 on:** January 14, 2019, 12:03:18 am »

Instead of reporting all tasks, it is also possible to zoom in on one and its required tasks.

HendriXML · « **Reply #5 on:** January 14, 2019, 12:13:08 am »

Quote from: Yansi on January 14, 2019, 12:01:32 am

You seem you have had just too much fun building this circuit.

BTW, most IR opto-gates are made using a double modulation. First, there is a carrier frequency (usualy couple tens of kHz), so the light can be easily distinguished from a background noise and DC component of the ambient light completely canceled out at the sensor (just narrowband AC amplifiers/filters present). Then the carrier is OOK modulated at a couple of hundred Hz.

Transmit side can be implement by a pair of oscillators (for example a couple of 555 timers), the receive side is quite simple too, when using an off-the shelf IR receiver with integrated demodulator (those obligatory 36, 38, 56kHz IR remote control receivers), the evaluating logic can then be made using a missing pulse detector and a pulse stretcher (which, quite funnily could be made also using a couple of 555 timers).

I'm still and will be in the stage of just experimenting for a lot of time. I don't think I will ever take it in use. It is indeed a nice way of learning and trying to progress. The same functionality could also be made with an Arduino, but what is the fun in that

. Thanks for your suggestion though, I will certainly give it some thought.

HendriXML · « **Reply #6 on:** January 15, 2019, 10:42:51 am »

When I designed this circuit I also only used components that where at hand and are very basic. For some components it means pushing them to their limits in regard to speed, noise, offsets, etc. I learned a lot that way, knowledge that can be used in other projects. Using specialized IC’s is probably more reliable, but would for me be less satisfying.

My main goal is building up skills, like how to do complex problem solving with only simple math, how make good use of the oscilloscope, how to interpreted datasheet values, etc. Finally finding a way to do this in a documenting way, preserving the knowledge for other projects.

In that regard a successful project: this sword will cut.

xani · « **Reply #7 on:** January 15, 2019, 01:00:40 pm »

Clearly if you want max security you should instead beam AES-encoded and signed (or even go whole hog with ECDH and public/private key encryption) stream that sends ever-increasing number(to avoid replay attack) to the receiver

mycroft · « **Reply #8 on:** January 15, 2019, 01:42:51 pm »

Beware of real life! In real life a fly or a leaf can interrupt the beam. You will have too many false positives!

tggzzz · « **Reply #9 on:** January 15, 2019, 01:57:56 pm »

In every system where safety is in question, you should concentrate on how the system can fail. That's much more difficult than how the system works. Understanding that is a key difference between professional engineering and amateur tinkering.

Start by understanding that extra complexity means extra failure mechanisms.
Continue by determining what will happen if a component or connection fails.
And don't forget to consider all the things that are outside the system.

HendriXML · « **Reply #10 on:** January 15, 2019, 02:33:57 pm »

Quote from: mycroft on January 15, 2019, 01:42:51 pm

Beware of real life! In real life a fly or a leaf can interrupt the beam. You will have too many false positives!

Purely hypothetical, because the circuit is not really worth defending...
If a fly crosses the beam it should signal that, that is not really a false possitive in regard to this circuit. If there would be exceptions / margins at this level, then it is also more vulnerable against attack’s. At a higher level when processing the output of this circuit one could define rules that take more things in account. Maybe 2 beams out of 10 should be signaled to set an alarm. Also I hate flies so I don’t want them to intrude as well

.

HendriXML · « **Reply #11 on:** January 15, 2019, 02:43:36 pm »

Quote from: tggzzz on January 15, 2019, 01:57:56 pm

In every system where safety is in question, you should concentrate on how the system can fail. That's much more difficult than how the system works. Understanding that is a key difference between professional engineering and amateur tinkering.

Start by understanding that extra complexity means extra failure mechanisms.
Continue by determining what will happen if a component or connection fails.
And don't forget to consider all the things that are outside the system.

Your absolutely right. This circuit is amateurish and for study only, and I really like it in that regard. Installing laserbeams for protection is not very practical. And has very little WAF.

You should see my other circuit:
https://www.eevblog.com/forum/projects/bi-regulated-power-supply/

That one is too sensitive and prone to failure as well, it would really give you the shivers. But is also an exploration of possibilities. One should allow themselves to do projects like that as well. And maybe only thoose before having sufficient skills.

HendriXML · « **Reply #12 on:** January 15, 2019, 02:50:49 pm »

Quote from: xani on January 15, 2019, 01:00:40 pm

Clearly if you want max security you should instead beam AES-encoded and signed (or even go whole hog with ECDH and public/private key encryption) stream that sends ever-increasing number(to avoid replay attack) to the receiver

I think random signals would suffice as well, ‘cause the end point knows what to expect!
In both cases the system could be attacked by copying the laser pulses. But that can be made very hard to implement when the sensor is in a thin tube. The copying laser in that case won’t be able to hit the sensor without blocking the sytems one.

HendriXML · « **Reply #13 on:** January 15, 2019, 09:31:33 pm »

:PI added functionality to my BOM reporter (just another script in the same tool) to merge calculated values in the designator report as well. If calculated values exists, they are reported on a second line. Specifications can also include powerratings, voltage ratings, etc. This way lots of information can be packed in to a single report. Another tab, the actual BOM report shows where stuff is located and how much (PartKeepr), I'll post that as well.
By reporting the max current / voltage a resistor can take, it is easy to check which resistors might be at risk and do a calculation of its power consumption. The E-series are shown, because I prefer to use lower E-serie values over higher ones, because then its easer to maintain a stock.

HendriXML · « **Reply #14 on:** January 15, 2019, 09:34:41 pm »

Designator specifications C1 10nF E3 50V ceramic THT capacitor D1 LED led D2 3,3V E6 1W 303mA zener diode D3 LDD photodiode D4 1N4004 diode D5 LED led D6 1N5817 schottky diode D7 LED led D8 1N5817 schottky diode D9 1N5817 schottky diode D10 1N5817 schottky diode D11 1N5817 schottky diode D12 1N5817 schottky diode Q1 2N7000 n-mosfet Q2 2N7000 n-mosfet Q3 2N3906 pnp transistor Q4 2N3904 npn transistor Q5 2N3906 pnp transistor Q6 2N7000 n-mosfet Q7 2N7000 n-mosfet R1 56Ω E12 250mW 3,74V|66,8mA 2% metal film THT resistor 56Ω E12 R2 1,8kΩ E12 250mW 21,2V|11,7mA 2% metal film THT resistor 1,8kΩ E12 R3 100kΩ E3 250mW 158V|1,58mA 2% metal film THT resistor 100kΩ E3 R4 68Ω E6 250mW 4,12V|60,6mA 2% metal film THT resistor 68Ω E6 R5 4,7kΩ E3 250mW 34,2V|7,29mA 2% metal film THT resistor 4,7kΩ E3 R6 47kΩ E3 250mW 108V|2,3mA 2% metal film THT resistor 47kΩ E3 R7 47kΩ E3 250mW 108V|2,3mA 2% metal film THT resistor R8 12kΩ E12 250mW 54,7V|4,56mA 2% metal film THT resistor R9 180Ω E12 250mW 6,7V|37,2mA 2% metal film THT resistor R10 51kΩ E24 250mW 112V|2,21mA 2% metal film THT resistor R11 4,7kΩ E3 250mW 34,2V|7,29mA 2% metal film THT resistor R12 1,8kΩ E12 250mW 21,2V|11,7mA 2% metal film THT resistor 1,8kΩ E12 R13 56Ω E12 250mW 3,74V|66,8mA 2% metal film THT resistor 56Ω E12 R14 470Ω E3 250mW 10,8V|23mA 2% metal film THT resistor 470Ω E3 R15 12kΩ E12 250mW 54,7V|4,56mA 2% metal film THT resistor 12kΩ E12 R16 27kΩ E12 250mW 82,1V|3,04mA 2% metal film THT resistor 27kΩ E12 R17 82kΩ E12 250mW 143V|1,74mA 2% metal film THT resistor 82kΩ E12 R18 33kΩ E6 250mW 90,8V|2,75mA 2% metal film THT resistor 33kΩ E6 R19 4,7kΩ E3 250mW 34,2V|7,29mA 2% metal film THT resistor R20 39kΩ E12 250mW 98,7V|2,53mA 2% metal film THT resistor 39kΩ E12 R21 150Ω E6 250mW 6,12V|40,8mA 2% metal film THT resistor 150Ω E6 R22 12kΩ E12 250mW 54,7V|4,56mA 2% metal film THT resistor R23 4,7kΩ E3 250mW 34,2V|7,29mA 2% metal film THT resistor 4,7kΩ E3 R24 4,7kΩ E3 250mW 34,2V|7,29mA 2% metal film THT resistor R25 100kΩ E3 250mW 158V|1,58mA 2% metal film THT resistor R26 4,7kΩ E3 250mW 34,2V|7,29mA 2% metal film THT resistor R27 33kΩ E6 250mW 90,8V|2,75mA 2% metal film THT resistor 33kΩ E6 R28 27kΩ E12 250mW 82,1V|3,04mA 2% metal film THT resistor 27kΩ E12 R29 12kΩ E12 250mW 54,7V|4,56mA 2% metal film THT resistor 12kΩ E12 R30 82kΩ E12 250mW 143V|1,74mA 2% metal film THT resistor 82kΩ E12 R31 39kΩ E12 250mW 98,7V|2,53mA 2% metal film THT resistor 39kΩ E12 R32 75Ω E24 250mW 4,33V|57,7mA 2% metal film THT resistor 75Ω E24 R33 4,7kΩ E3 250mW 34,2V|7,29mA 2% metal film THT resistor R34 4,7kΩ E3 250mW 34,2V|7,29mA 2% metal film THT resistor R35 100kΩ E3 250mW 158V|1,58mA 2% metal film THT resistor RV1 1kΩ E3 variable resistor 1kΩ E3 RV2 5kΩ variable resistor RV3 500Ω variable resistor 500Ω SW1 Reset latch component SW2 SW_Push component U1 TL082 op amp U2 LM339 comparator U3 LM339 comparator

HendriXML · « **Reply #15 on:** January 15, 2019, 09:40:16 pm »

Bill of materials Title: LaserTrigger Amount: 1x Resistors 2x 56Ω E12 250mW 3,74V|66,8mA 2% metal film THT (R1, R13) 40x 56Ω E12 250mW 3,74V|66,8mA 2% metal film THT (40x #46 @VKD02R01K07) 1x 68Ω E6 250mW 4,12V|60,6mA 2% metal film THT (R4) 40x 68Ω E6 250mW 4,12V|60,6mA 2% metal film THT (40x #47 @VKD02R01K07) 1x 75Ω E24 250mW 4,33V|57,7mA 2% metal film THT (R32) 22x 75Ω E24 250mW 4,33V|57,7mA 2% metal film THT (22x #48 @VKD02R01K07) 1x 150Ω E6 250mW 6,12V|40,8mA 2% metal film THT (R21) 139x 150Ω E6 250mW 6,12V|40,8mA 2% metal film THT (139x #52 @VKD02R02K01) 1x 180Ω E12 250mW 6,7V|37,2mA 2% metal film THT (R9) 36x 180Ω E12 250mW 6,7V|37,2mA 2% metal film THT (36x #53 @VKD02R02K03) 1x 470Ω E3 250mW 10,8V|23mA 2% metal film THT (R14) 139x 470Ω E3 250mW 10,8V|23mA 2% metal film THT (139x #62 @VKD02R02K05) 2x 1,8kΩ E12 250mW 21,2V|11,7mA 2% metal film THT (R2, R12) 20x 1,8kΩ E12 250mW 21,2V|11,7mA 2% metal film THT (20x #447 @VKD02R03K03) 8x 4,7kΩ E3 250mW 34,2V|7,29mA 2% metal film THT (R5, R11, R19, R23, R24, R26, R33, R34) 125x 4,7kΩ E3 250mW 34,2V|7,29mA 2% metal film THT (125x #81 @VKD02R03K05) 4x 12kΩ E12 250mW 54,7V|4,56mA 2% metal film THT (R8, R15, R22, R29) 37x 12kΩ E12 250mW 54,7V|4,56mA 2% metal film THT (37x #88 @VKD02R04K01) 2x 27kΩ E12 250mW 82,1V|3,04mA 2% metal film THT (R16, R28) 40x 27kΩ E12 250mW 82,1V|3,04mA 2% metal film THT (40x #93 @VKD02R04K03) 2x 33kΩ E6 250mW 90,8V|2,75mA 2% metal film THT (R18, R27) 140x 33kΩ E6 250mW 90,8V|2,75mA 2% metal film THT (140x #96 @VKD02R04K05) 2x 39kΩ E12 250mW 98,7V|2,53mA 2% metal film THT (R20, R31) 40x 39kΩ E12 250mW 98,7V|2,53mA 2% metal film THT (40x #98 @VKD02R04K05) 2x 47kΩ E3 250mW 108V|2,3mA 2% metal film THT (R6, R7) 128x 47kΩ E3 250mW 108V|2,3mA 2% metal film THT (128x #100 @VKD02R04K05) 1x 51kΩ E24 250mW 112V|2,21mA 2% metal film THT (R10) 38x 51kΩ E24 250mW 112V|2,21mA 2% metal film THT (38x #102 @VKD02R04K05) 2x 82kΩ E12 250mW 143V|1,74mA 2% metal film THT (R17, R30) 40x 82kΩ E12 250mW 143V|1,74mA 2% metal film THT (40x #107 @VKD02R04K07) 3x 100kΩ E3 250mW 158V|1,58mA 2% metal film THT (R3, R25, R35) 131x 100kΩ E3 250mW 158V|1,58mA 2% metal film THT (131x #109 @VKD02R05K01) Variable resistors 1x 500Ω (RV3) 9x 500Ω (9x #248 @VKD08R01K01) 1x 1kΩ E3 (RV1) 5x 1kΩ E3 (5x #323 @VKD08R01K01) 1x 5kΩ (RV2) 10x 5kΩ (10x #251 @VKD08R01K02) Capacitors 1x 10nF E3 50V ceramic THT (C1) 30x 10nF E3 50V ceramic THT (30x #216 @VKD01R03K05) Zener diodes 1x 3,3V E6 1W 303mA (D2) 15x 3,3V E6 1W 303mA THT 1N4728 (15x #233 @VKD08R02K01) Diodes 1x 1N4004 (D4) 10x 1N4004 400V 1A 1,1V (10x #255 @VKD08R03K02) Schottky diodes 6x 1N5817 (D6, D8, D9, D10, D11, D12) 10x 1N5817 20V 1A 450mV (10x #259 @VKD08R03K03) Photodiodes 1x LDD (D3) 4x LDD (4x #21 @VKD01R04K05) NPN transistors 1x 2N3904 (Q4) 240x 2N3904 (240x #324 @VKD08R04K01) PNP transistors 2x 2N3906 (Q3, Q5) 240x 2N3906 (240x #220 @VKD08R04K01) N-MOSFETs 4x 2N7000 (Q1, Q2, Q6, Q7) 190x 2N7000 (190x #150 @VKD03R02K01) Op amps 1x TL082 (U1) 16x TL082 TL082CP (16x #159 @VKD03R03K07) Comparators 2x LM339 (U2, U3) 30x LM339 LM339N (30x #167 @VKD03R05K01) LEDs 3x LED (D1, D5, D7) Components 1x Reset latch (SW1) 1x SW_Push (SW2)


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Some complex problem solving was done by simulating millions of possibilities, interrested?

Author Topic: No way of bypassing this Lasertrigger circuit - and about calculating stuff (Read 2322 times)

HendriXML

No way of bypassing this Lasertrigger circuit - and about calculating stuff

HendriXML

Re: No way of bypassing this Lasertrigger circuit

HendriXML

Calculations of Lasertrigger circuit

Yansi

Re: No way of bypassing this Lasertrigger circuit

HendriXML

Re: No way of bypassing this Lasertrigger circuit

HendriXML

Re: No way of bypassing this Lasertrigger circuit

HendriXML

Re: No way of bypassing this Lasertrigger circuit

xani

Re: No way of bypassing this Lasertrigger circuit

mycroft

Re: No way of bypassing this Lasertrigger circuit

tggzzz

Re: No way of bypassing this Lasertrigger circuit

HendriXML

Re: No way of bypassing this Lasertrigger circuit

HendriXML

Re: No way of bypassing this Lasertrigger circuit

HendriXML

Re: No way of bypassing this Lasertrigger circuit

HendriXML

BOM with report of calculated values

HendriXML

Designator specifications

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Bill of materials

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