Do you want to just limit the current to 1A or do you want an adjustable current limit?
If you want an adjustable current and are okay with a minimum of 1.2V of the LM317,
you can do something like this:

If you just want a fixed 1A current limit,
take a look at this battery charger circuit:
The sense resistor value can set a fixed current limit with the minimum LM317 voltage output.
You will probably want a full-wave bridge and a large cap for the input. But you get the idea.
(You can use any NPN transistor, 2N2222, 2N3904, etc. But will need to select a different sense resistor value.)

Also some designs I look at have two 1n4001 diodes and a transistor leading into -10volts (I guess to bring the output to 0 v?) is it better to have some sort of duel + - power rails powering the thing?
You only need a negative if you want to pull the minimum output voltage down to 0V.