Looks like quite a classic design for a power supply. I was surprised to see ICL7106's as panel meter drivers.
The one thing that might be different is obviously the transformer. That's the most expensive part of a power supply and so it makes sense for the manufacturer to use different types in differently specified units.
I would guess that the 3A unit has a 4A and the 5A unit maybe a 6A transformer in it.
That is something you have to look out for, otherwise you might fry the transformer when hacking the 3A psu to give 5A output current!
I would leave it as it is, to be honest. When do you need so much power realisticly? 3A is plenty and if you need more you can always parallel both supplys to give 6A current. Just my 2ct.