So I have a cheapy drill press, and it would great to be able to run it at lower speed (the pulley ratios were really meant for drilling wood, not metal).
I'd like to keep the AC motor's built-in speed regulation abilities, so that means rather than limiting it's voltage, I should instead change the AC frequency it sees.
The dirt-simple way of doing this is a
single-phase to single-phase cycloconverter.
However, there are two basic designs: a
center-tapped transformer design:
and a
bridge design:
(source:
http://dc360.4shared.com/doc/4o-SjR3S/preview.html )
One requires a transformer and four SCR's, while the other requires no transformer and eight SCR's.
(For those unfamiliar with cycloconverters, here is the waveform of a cycloconverter set to run a motor at 1/4 speed:)
Now, most of my electronics knowledge lies in realm of things which hide behind a 12v or 5v wall wart, so when it comes to dealing directly with the mains AC, I'll reach out to the community to ask for safety advice.
First off, I've frequently heard people refer to the notion of "transformer isolation" as a safety feature (i.e., the idea that you would never want to design a circuit which was directly or "galvanicly" coupled to the mains). E.g, a circuit sitting behind a 1:1 transformer is somehow safer than one sitting directly on the mains. Honestly, I've never understood why this is safer, because as long as that transformer hasn't melted into a pool of slag, the AC voltage coming off of it's secondary is every bit as deadly as the mains itself. Please correct / flame / enlighten me on this point, as I fear my lack of understanding on this point is a mental deficiency on my part.
This leads into my second question: is one of the two above designs inherently safer than the other, or is one of the designs inherently unsafe? I'd assume the transformer-based design would offer some mains isolation, so in theory it should be safer. However, this brings up another question: why are AC motors one of the only commonly used electric devices which are not transformer isolated from the mains, and why is that considered safe? And because it is apparently safe to run a motor directly off of mains, does this also mean there is nothing inherently unsafe in the above "bridge" design, which features no transformer?
So this post basically boils down to
"why is transformer isolation considered a safety feature, and does that apply to this circuit?"Thanks!