Hello dany-boy,
You are correct that there is a feedback path. Most supplies such as this require both CFL to be present. If one is missing/broken/dead, the supply senses this abnormal condition and turns itself off. If you have two CFL, try the supply again with both lamps.
As a learning exercise, I'll give you this hint: check the voltage present at the point where R853 and C853 connect to the base of Q806, when the one lamp lights briefly and when the lamp is off. What happens here?
Can you follow the schematic and see where this control signal comes from?
RF+ Tech