If >5V is a fault, then you could protect the resistor and the device as a whole with a TVS+fuse/polyswitch rather than trying to design something that will just sit there and take 60V.
A depletion mode FET could be the basis of a solution to disconnect the resistor, but the trick is pulling the gate negative to turn it off when the device powers up. Just putting it between the top of the resistor and pulling the gate towards ground won't work because the source also gets pulled to ground as the FET turns off, and you end up with a current source (or you flip it around and the body diode will be forward biased which is also a problem).
A relay could work, but obviously at the expense of board space.