Yes, diodes as you've drawn them will work just fine for overvoltage protection.
Be aware that they will cause a slight reverse leakage current, this leakage current will create a voltage drop that affects the ADC accuracy. How much leakage you can tolerate depends on your application and your ADC resolution.
Schottky diodes are the worst, with reverse leakage currents often > 1uA
regular PN junction diodes are better, and can be found with leakage currents in the 10's of nA
Zeners are worse than Schottkys for reverse leakage.
You can also use a diode connected BJT such as a 3904 for even lower reverse leakage current if you need it.
You also need to be careful dumping overvoltage into a supply rail, as this can easily lift your rail up and blow up chips on the supply rail. For short lived overvoltage events it's (usually!) not a problem, but for longer lived over voltage events you need to protect against this. You need to make sure your regulator can sink current, or the total load on the supply line is greater than the over-voltage current. You can help by putting a 1k resistor in series with the output from the load's 0.1V/Amp signal, then the diodes, then another 100 ohm to the ADC

Furthermore (there's always something else) the diodes add capacitance and together with the 1k current limiting resistor form a low-pass filter. Now you have rolled off your circuit's BW response, which may be OK in your case here today, but in the general case for ADC applications that need higher bandwidth it may not be OK and I just mention it to be complete.
There are protection diodes in sot-23 from Vishay, Maxim and others that offer low leakage and low capacitance for just this purpose.
One more thing I forgot to add... if your over-voltage event will be long lived and the VCC rail cannot take the current (i.e. your regulator cannot sink current) then you can also create a clamping rail with a shunt regulator on it to take the over-voltage instead of sending it into your Vcc rail.