All that's needed is a series gate resistor. Maybe you saw the test circuit in the datasheet, and thought that was meant to go with the gate? It's actually to simulate a gate, where you usually have the series resistor, and the capacitor is the gate capacitance. No need to simulate when you've got the real thing!

47 to 100uH would be a more comfortable inductance. The cutoff frequency will be pretty low (some kHz), which helps in getting a good measurement of the current with such a slow platform.
XMEGA would be better (~1MS/s ADC, usefully fast analog comparator, some hardware event functionality to reduce the need for direct software control), but most of the ARM based boards would be fine (Arduino Due for example?). STM32F3xx was recently mentioned in another thread. Certainly, anything in the 50MHz+ range should be fast enough to respond to things even at ordinary switching rates (100kHz+), assuming the ADC can sample reasonably fast (at least once per cycle).
Further reading -- peak and average current mode control.
Because, most SMPS introductions just consider PWM, and while that's what's being done, that's not why we do it. The PWM is just an intermediate step, where what's requested is some current in the inductor, and the PWM is adjusted to achieve that current. (In peak current mode, it's not even generated as PWM at all: it's a pulse, started by an oscillator, and terminated by the inductor charging to the threshold current. It looks like PWM when you scope it, but "that's not why we're do it"!)
The key insight is that, if you set PWM% and let it run, independent of whatever's going on at the source or load, what you've made is a DC transformer, not a regulator -- and certainly not something that will tolerate fault conditions, or perhaps even just startup conditions!
What you're doing, first and foremost, is setting the current in the inductor, as needed to maintain the output voltage (or current, or input voltage or current, as the case may be!). The inductor current is paramount, because if current rises too high, poof goes the transistor.
Safety is the most obvious benefit, but there is the knock-on benefit of control loop compensation. This is a bit hard to explain, but it comes down to this: if you're controlling PWM% to set output voltage, the controller has to wait to see what happens
after the inductor and capacitor respond. There's a lot of phase shift there, so the controller has to go very cautiously (slowly). Which means relatively poor regulation for AC loads. And if there's no response, if the load is shorted perhaps, it just sits there commanding more and more, eventually hitting 100%. (Or if there's a response but it's coming very slowly, like at startup when the capacitor starts at 0V and the controller is trying to get it up to whatever Vout is supposed to be.) But if we first and foremost set the inductor current, we can control and limit it perfectly without any worry, and we can then vary the current setpoint to regulate output voltage. The inductor and capacitor are controlled in nested loops, which can be compensated independently -- and much more easily.
Tim