Google “Scott-T Transformer”.
Not from single phase though!
Also, not the US's "two phase" or "split phase", because the phase shift there is 180 degrees. In linear algebra terms, it's linearly dependent.
The traditional methods, as mentioned, are a rotary phase converter (uses a spinning mass to generate the rotating phase sequence), or a VFD (synthesizes phases directly, with a controller).
If the load is a motor, the third phase can be generated in situ (with a capacitor), if you don't mind that the starting torque is low and the maximum output is reduced (about half, I think?).
If the load is a rectifier (lots of industrial equipment, e.g., VFD, welder, etc.), it doesn't much matter how many phases it's powered by, but you may need more filter capacitance on the supply, and the power factor will be poor, which is a big pain when it comes to the already low capacity of US outlets.
Tim