The chip is probably already rated for 1kV or so ESD, but you don't know what clamping voltage it experiences during that pulse. The question is, will making a current divider with an external TVS, sink enough current to make e.g. 15kV contact discharge look like 1kV to the chip?
The answer is much improved with a series resistor between TVS and IC. Typically one can afford a couple 10 ohms here.
Which, curiously, the transmitter impedance is rated 28-44 ohms, while 45 is needed for USB; evidently you should add 9 ohms, but they omit this (out of laziness / not worthwhile?).
Probably it's still fine with the "traditional" 22 ohms in series as well, though I would expect somewhat reduced maximum range in rare cases (i.e. when a random unit happens to have max. output resistance: it's a manufacturing distribution). You might never notice this.
Direct ESD strike is also unlikely, as USB is fully shielded and the shield is generally struck preferentially over the pins. Especially for mini/micro/USB-C. (I would still prefer a TVS, myself.)
Tim