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Understanding this signal conditioning circuit
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graybeard:

--- Quote from: Red_Micro on February 22, 2020, 02:55:44 am ---What's the purpose of C4? It is obviously reducing the original amplitude of the signal.
--- End quote ---

C4 is just a DC blocking capacitor.  I creates input high pass roll-off corner at about 3.6 Hz.  It should have no significant effect on the 60 Hz input signal.

It is shown as a polarized capacitor being used in a AC circuit.  This is not good practice since it will see reverse bias.

By inspection:

C1 & C5 make the amplifiers act as ~670 Hz low pass filters.  Becasue of the diodes C1 appears to only a low pass for negative inputs, it does nothing for postive inputs.  Since the circuit is non-liner there may be subtle effects that a simulation would reval that a quick look does not.

D4 & D5 are input protection diodes

R5 || R6 || C3 create a single pole low pass at ~339 Hz

The final stage in absolute value circuit.  The 500K resistors seeem a bit large to me.
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