You're right of course, I should have started another topic, I just didn't wan't to multiply the subjects, this one still being about the same project.
Anyway, I breadboarded the circuit without the RC filter, with a MAX4080 and an LM358 to limit the Current and set the voltage, and it seems to (finally) work nicely.
Thanks again for all your advices, I'll try to make a real thing out of it in the next few weeks.