Hi,
Why are high values of resonant capacitor frowned upon in LLC converters? I mean, why does SQRT(L/C) have to be above a certain value?
(Where L = resonant inductor; C = resonant capacitor)
Why are LLC converters with a low value of SQRT(L/C) deemed to be less able to handle short circuit output? There is no logical reason for this?
The four attached jpegs show three cases of Half Bridge LLC design component values.
This LLC has 390vin, 2kW, 180Vout.
In all cases, Resonant frequency is set to 70kHz.
In all cases, the NP/NS is 1:1
In all cases, Transformer L(mag) = 1.45mH
There is also an external L(mag) in each case.
Case 1…L(res) = 10uH
Case 2….L(res) = 20uH
Case 3….L(res) = 37uH
Case 4…L(res) = 5uH
…..In the 4 above cases, the C(res) value was adjusted so that f(resonance) is 70kHz.
In Case 1, the External magnetising inductor could be advantageously increased to 200uH, and as shown, still keep the 70kHz operating point well above the “peak of doom” (lower resonance frequency).
In case 2, the External magnetising inductor, unfortunately had to be reduced to 150uH, in order to keep the “peak of doom” far enough away from the intended frequency of operation
In case 3, the External magnetising inductor, unfortunately had to be reduced down to 60uH , in order to keep the “peak of doom” far enough below the intended operating frequency.
In cases 2 and 3, the ETD59 offtheshelf gapped core was seeing high delta B in the core, due to the lower inductance. A bigger gapped core could not be chosen, since no offthe shelf gapped cores exist above ETD59 in size.
As such, case 2 is chosen, and has L(res) = 10uH and C(res) = 517nF. Case 2 is very “flat”, but no problem with this is seen.
Case 4 looks great, and allows an L(mag) increase to 300uH, and still keep the peak of doom well away from the intended frequency of operation…however, it will be difficult to wind a whole number of turns onto an offtheshelf gapped ETD59 core and get the inductance equal to 5uH, or even near it…so this case 4 could not be chosen. If a custom gapped core could be used, then case 4 would be ok, but custom gapping is too expensive.
(actually, in all the above cases, the intended operating frequency is slightly above 70kHz, as you can see…..ie, the operation has been chosen to be slightly above resonance, as this is deemed to have good properties with regard to output short circuit protection?)