Electronics > Power/Renewable Energy/EV's
Voltage mode CCM flyback has limitations on output capacitance
Faringdon:
Do you agree that voltage mode CCM flyback has a hard limit on the amount of output capacitance you may use?...(even if you compensate for it)
AN57 by Power Integrations puts across that this is so.
Do you agree with them?
T3sl4co1l:
Might help to link the reference:
https://www.power.com/downloads/documents/an57.pdf
I don't see offhand where they discuss a "hard limit" but I'm not going to read it in detail just to explain how it's likely been misunderstood.
Also probably worth mentioning, many TOPSwitches are hysteretic, so the control compensation doesn't really matter very much. Though I'm not familiar with the -GX in the article specifically.
Tim
temperance:
It would be helpful to those who read your posts if you add all the required information in your posts instead of referring to application notes or spice simulations.
Like many others in here I do have enough stuff to read and study. I don't have time to read the app note in question and study what's in there or run your spice simulations to provide you with a sensible answer.
Back up your statements with calculations and other things and explain what you're thinking so people can judge if what you're on about might be correct or not. In other words: a question provoking a valuable discussion.
If you expect us to do your homework (the stuff we are usually getting paid for), then at least you could post the final outcome. Something you always omit and which I find pretty arrogant towards the people who provide you valuable feedback. Instead you just start your next ramble the next day.
Of course you will thank thank this post and do nothing about the way you communicate.
Do you agree?
Faringdon:
Thanks,
AN57 says the resonant frequency between the effective secondary inductance (LE), and the output capacitor, should be >500Hz.....which , ayk, means that the output capacitor must be low enough in farads to achieve this......this is nonsense.......voltage mode flybacks have no constraint on output cap size.......as long as the cap is compensated for.
For voltage mode flybacks in ccm, you should crossover at least 3 times above the said resonant frequency.....or well below it....and xover should also be 3x less than the RHPZ frequency.
May you agree?
TOPswitch, when on full load is in pure voltage mode.
--- Quote ---Also probably worth mentioning, many TOPSwitches are hysteretic, so the control compensation doesn't really matter very much.
--- End quote ---
Many power integrations flybacks are hysteretic type..but not TOPswitch.
___ -_____ -___
The statement made in AN57 is a fascinating one, and truly indicates a major new theory (if its true but it almost certainly isnt) about voltage mode control
The following "voltage mode vs current mode" by Mammano says nothing of the new theory in AN57
https://www.ti.com/lit/an/slua119/slua119.pdf?ts=1690059991837&ref_url=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.google.co.uk%252F
Also, neither of two Of Dr Basso's major books on SMPS control give any mention of it...and Dr Ridleys book on control (the smallish one) says nothing of it.
So, much of the SMPS world awaits an answer....does Voltage mode control impose limits on the amount of output capacitance in VM Flybacks?....ie, given a certain transformer, are you then limited in output capacitance?......the answer should be no, because you can simply compensate for it........but....AN57...purports otherwise.
______________________ ___________-
Of more, related interest, is that on the Power Integrations Forum, one of the PI Apps engineers is actually saying that the Modulator transfer function internal to the TOPswitch is secret....and the IP of Power Integrations.......which kind of nullifies AN57 altogether, because equations 22, 23 , 24 and 25 of AN57 purport to do just that (ie give the modulator transfer function of TOPswitch).
....So it makes you wonder...what are those equations all really about?
Here is the TOPswitch PI Apps guys response from their forum...
If you want a stable feedback loop, you will need to do measurements, as the TOPHX changes operating mode as the load changes. The transfer functions are protected IP
___ ____
Not knocking PI....i bet that any of their PI Expert or PI XLS designer designs run just fine.
Also, TOPswitch is now updated by Innoswitch........which really does look to have some special features........and seems to be stable despite no feedback loop compensation effort being needed.
___________________________--- ___
And as a side note.....i actually tried to make the non-PI-Expert Topswitch design go unstable....and what i saw was quite interesting......there were some very uniform, regular, intermittent disturbancees, which only lasted some few seconds....then it stabilised out...it was almost as if there were some internal state machine inside the topswitch which was compensating for the deliberate instability that i had sewn in to the compensation components.
mtwieg:
--- Quote from: Faringdon on July 21, 2023, 06:14:46 pm ---AN57 says the resonant frequency between the effective secondary inductance (LE), and the output capacitor, should be >500Hz
--- End quote ---
Yes they do make this recommendation a couple times. But nowhere do they imply that:
--- Quote ---Voltage mode CCM flyback has limitations on output capacitance
--- End quote ---
This is you again interpreting off-hand recommendations as limitations. Reference designs and white papers often make recommendations that seem arbitrary. These are generally because the author thinks it's guiding the reader towards a better design without getting deep into the reasons why. Readers are free to ignore the recommendations if they feel they're not appropriate.
Obviously there's no fundamental reason a CCM flyback cannot work with a 10F output capacitor.
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