I suddenly realize that the schematics is not the same as my actual device. Mine says LW-K305D-1, Rev 20191108.
There is no D4 at all, and U1 is a TL084 amongst other things. Do anyone have a newer (supposedly) schematics?
I do not get 0-5 V on pin 2 of U4, rather 2.19V when VR is at zero. Turning VR pin 2 of U4 rises to 2.35V when output maxes out at 7.8V. Continuing to turn VR makes pin 2 slowly fall again, until it is 1.25V when VR is at maximum.