Did L1001 have burn marks because it is an inductor and to a multimeter should look shorted ( did you read the value with an LCR? ).
Can you look with a scope if the filtering works or at least how your power rail looks? This whole scenario kinda smells like cracked, but
not totally shorted ceramic capacitor. Maybe you can locate the short with a multimeter ( zero it out and look for the region that the resistance
is becoming smaller and smaller, take care with capacitor loading ).
Since you have a have a thermal camera, try to look for a shorted capacitor.
Also make sure that the power to the CS5173G is correct ( which from what you´ve written seen that you have done ). If the power to the
boost converter is 9 - 11V and it is outputting 9V, given a diode drop or two, and the converter gets hot, that makes a very strong case for
the converter being bad. Just because it has thermal shutdown doesn´t mean that the silicon inside has survived the short.
Edit: Get the scope and try to measure what pin 8 of the CS5173G does. Does it switch?