What do you mean the CPU is damaged? I think what you're asking is, is it possible to flash the chip - flashing is the process of reading a programmed microcontroller (MCU) and taking that programming code to program another MCU. The STM32 series is typically pretty easy to flash. There are a lot of resources on how to do it. Of course as long as it is not read-protected. You won't know until you try (unless someone else has already tried with this make/model UPS).
I ask what you mean by damage because it is still possible to flash a faulty MCU depending on where the fault is. For example, I've flashed MCUs successfully that have a couple bad IO pins. But obviously if the whole chip is dead, you're not going to be able to perform this procedure.
Here's a video I did on flashing a STM32 series MCU utilized in the APC BR1500G UPS. I go through how to flash the MCU using STM's free software and a UART-USB cable. As you can see, APC did not read-protect their MCUs for this model UPS. You'd be surprised how many companies don't. Good luck!