I found out that the 68kOhm resistor next to the potentiometer was broken and had a value of Infinity.
Also replaced both electrolyte capacitors.
When i plugged in the AC connector, the Motor was humming a little, as if the brake was on.
I pulled the Plug and after connecting it again, it didn't make a sound, but the brake also didn't work.
Edit: I found a post on a German forum wich has the same circuit and a description of all parts.