Thank you blueskull, thank you fzabkar,
Both, the TVS diode, as well as the ET9528 did sacrifice and shortened to GND.
I unsoldered them both and then applied 5v to the circuit, which seem undamaged (screen did power up / 300mA current drawn).
So, now i'd like to replace them both, but didn't find any place to buy a replacement.
I didn't find any ET9528 online.
Is there a generic, which with I can replace the ET9528 and do you have an idea where I can get it to germany?
Where would I buy a TVS with a 5.6V or 6.2V breakdown TVS with nominal reverse standoff voltage of 5V?
How do you search for such components online?
What supplier do you contact? aliexpress?
Thank you for your awesome help and sorry for my newbie questions.