Hello, I know that you stated that you were looking for physical replacements and not temporary quick fixes, but maybe this falls somewhere in-between the two...
The 4th photo you supplied was particularly useful. If the rubber bumpers have expanded with age, it looks like they would wedge themselves into the openings in the plastic keys when the keys are fully depressed. If a key is only rubbing on the two sides of the rubber bumper, maybe you can wet-sand the rubber with a fine grit paper to take a tiny bit of the rubber off to give the part more clearance while the key is sliding up and down on it.
Actually, if the rubber is hard enough it may pay to slightly wet-sand the face, plus the two sides, of the rubber for a better slip fit in that channel of the plastic key.
Obviously, this predisposes that the rubber isn't too soft or overly sticky. Good luck with your keyboard.
Regards,
Frank