Unfortunately it still doesn't seem likely that we can make a remote diagnosis from just the photos. There are clearly through-hole components on the other side of the board, probably connectors too, as I can't see any on the visible side, which might prevent removal without un-soldering.
It could be something as simple as a blown or dried out through-hole electrolytic capacitor, but without disassembly, close visual inspection, and test that's no more than a guess.