I managed to repair this PSU.
The root cause was that the TL074 (U127 in the old schematics, U7 on my board), which is connected to the sense inputs, died for any reason, generating full negative output on pin 8 (-14V), causing erroneous input to the next stage(s) and finally to the ADC (AD7192), causing the ADC error.
After replacing the TL074 and recalibration everything looks fine now.
Thanks for your help, glad I've saved this from being scrapped.