I see some PRnnnn which are clearly resistors, and PCnnnn which are clearly capacitors, so a logical guess is that a PDnnnn is a diode. Given that it blew up, it may have been a reverse polarity protection diode, connected across the battery in reverse. So when you connected the battery backward, it conducted a lot of current. Usually this is used together with a fuse, polyfuse, or circuit breaker, so that the high fault current trips that protection device. Check if the pads of the diode are connected to the battery power terminals. It also could be a diode used to allow current to feed from charge circuit to battery but not the other way. Connect battery backwards, and this diode, together with flywheel diodes from (for example) charge circuit buck converter, can create a near short. In that case, replacing the diode may restore the charger to working condition.
You may need to hunt down a blown fuse. This might even be inside the battery pack, either part of the protection/BMS board, or as a discrete device in series between two of the cells. You will often find a polyfuse and a thermal fuse connected between two cells, to passively protect against heat and short circuits. As a SMD component, fuses are often white, and polyfuses often white or green.
I recommend safety glasses as a bare minimum when working with batteries capable of high energy discharge. A short circuit can send molten metal and other shrapnel flying in any and all directions.