"short circuited smoke was seen and now is dead"
Programming new firmware can't fix a blown part. You can't reprogram a car to work after the engine has exploded. You need to open it up and find exactly what has died, don't guess it's the CPU until you have seen it, and even then it's probably only the victim (not the cause) of the problem.
To answer your question: it depends on the model of microcontroller ("CPU"). Some are easy to program, others are not.
I tore apart an IMAX charger years ago. It had horrible build quality: mosfets that needed to be heatsunk were floating by a small air gap off the case, soldering was a mess and the in-built power supply (this model had one) was a deathtrap hiding in a laptop charger case. I think it claimed crazy amounts of amps, but inside was missing most of its components and the ones it did use were under-sized.
Beware: these things are not made to last. Never use them anywhere near their claimed charge currents; and never leave them unattended.