Thank you everyone for your help!
Yesterday I managed to file off the head of the screw and was able to remove the case.
What appeared to have happened was that the hex nut that was connected to the standoff unscrewed itself, making the whole thing loose.
In the first image, you can see the thread of the standoff poking through the PCB.
That screw connects to a little hex stand off on the underside of the mainboard. But the hex stand off then connects to a shielding plate that is on top of the mainboard (between the A2 attenuator board and A4 timing board. see pics attached. Sorry I can send you better pics tomorrow in the morning if you think that would help). That hex standoff is attached to that shielding plate via a hex locking nut. That nut is probably loose. So trying to overtighten it is not going to work.
That screw is not very long. I'm not sure how far you can pull it out with pliers in its current state, but if you could get it out at least 1/4" (5-6mm), I would do what someone else suggested and cut the head of the screw off with a dremel tool while pulling it up with pliers to hold it in place.
Looks like my scope is a little different. Mine's of the later version with a high serial number. I think it was the last serial version Tek made of the 2230. My scope's serial number is B028699. This one has a longer screw thread for that.
I could immediately tell the difference as older similar models such as the 2235 didn't have one this long.
Edit: Can someone maybe tell me the thread pitch and size of this screw? I assume it's in the imperial measurements because it's American.