So a while back I found a video of a pen that puts flux fumes on your PCB, so you can see hot spots.
however this technology was too bloated and costly, so it looks like this new version was developed, and you can even use kief if you are in the correct area where its cheaper then flux.
So they just powder flux really good and dust a PCB with it. It does have the advantage over thermal where the heat signature persists for a infinite amount of time, meaning you don't have to deal with photographs anymore.
https://youtube.com/shorts/2LUEMUPlAdc?si=pz5dnMHbNtSTQLfP